Filosofía de Platón

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Questions and Answers

Que representa o mito da caverna na filosofía?

Un simbolismo do poder absoluto.

Un proceso educativo que leva á luz. (correct)

A aceptación do mundo material sen reflexión.

O proceso de decadencia do saber.

Que materias deben estudiar os futuros gobernantes para elevar a súa alma?

Historia, filosofía e política.

Psicoloxía, socioloxía e ética.

Aritmética, xeometría, astronomía e harmonía. (correct)

Bioloxía, química e física.

Cal é a función da dialéctica segundo Platón?

Unha ciencia que se ocupa dos feitos históricos.

Un método para acadar o poder político.

Unha técnica para resolver problemas prácticos.

Unha forma de contemplar as esencias sen supostos. (correct)

Que se considera a idea do Ben na filosofía platónica?

O principio non suposto e fundamento de todo. Signup and view all the answers

Como se debería abordar o estudo das materias matemáticas e científicas?

Usando a intelixencia e non só a vista. Signup and view all the answers

Como se describe o amor segundo Agatón?

Como un desexo pasivo de recibir amor. Signup and view all the answers

Que afirma Sócrates sobre a natureza do amor?

É un desexo do que non se ten e a búsqueda do sublime. Signup and view all the answers

Cal é a visión de Sócrates sobre a virtude?

É un coñecemento das Ideas que se debe practicar. Signup and view all the answers

Que tipo de virtude se considera fundamental en Platón?

A xustiza como harmonía entre partes da alma. Signup and view all the answers

Que relación establece a concepción pitagórica da virtude?

A virtude é a liberación da alma das ataduras materiais. Signup and view all the answers

Que tipo de ideas se consideran universais, segundo a filosofía mencionada?

Verdades e valores que son absolutos e eternos. Signup and view all the answers

Cal é a crítica que se fai á postura dos sofistas?

Desconocen a razão como elemento fundamental da condición humana. Signup and view all the answers

Sobre que se fundamenta a harmonía na alma, segundo Platón?

A concordia entre as tres partes da alma. Signup and view all the answers

Cal é a intención ética da teoría platónica da alma?

Controlar os apetitos corporais Signup and view all the answers

Que é a episteme, segundo a filosofía clásica?

O coñecemento verdadeiro sobre o universal Signup and view all the answers

Que concepto representa a opinión na filosofía de Platón?

Doxa Signup and view all the answers

A que se refire a teoría do coñecemento como reminiscencia?

A idea de que o coñecemento se recorda a partir do esquecemento Signup and view all the answers

Como se produce a caída da alma segundo a filosofía platónica?

Resulta do esquecemento das Ideas Signup and view all the answers

Que se entende por 'mundo das Ideas' na concepción platónica?

Un ámbito onde se atopan as verdades eternas Signup and view all the answers

Que suxire a dualidade entre coñecemento e percepción?

O coñecemento é constante, mentres que a percepción é cambiante Signup and view all the answers

Que significa a idea de que a alma ten unha 'intuición orixinaria' das verdades eternas?

A alma ten un acceso inato ao coñecemento verdadeiro Signup and view all the answers

Que representa o filosofar segundo Platón e Sócrates?

Un diálogo oral, dinámico e vivo. Signup and view all the answers

Como utiliza Platón os mitos nas súas obras?

Como conxecturas verosímiles para mellorar a comprensión. Signup and view all the answers

Que se debate principalmente nos diálogos de transición de Platón?

Os problemas políticos e a crítica á democracia. Signup and view all the answers

Cal é un dos diálogos que se centra na busca da definición da virtude?

O Menón. Signup and view all the answers

Que concepto é fundamental para a filosofía socrática?

A virtude como sabedoría que se busca. Signup and view all the answers

Que tema se trata no diálogo 'Gorxias'?

A retórica e a xustiza. Signup and view all the answers

Cal é a principal crítica que Platón formula sobre os sofistas nos diálogos de transición?

O seu relativismo e falta de verdade. Signup and view all the answers

Que aspecto cara a inmortalidade da alma é explorado por Platón?

Un mito que busca a comprensión da alma. Signup and view all the answers

Que representa o Demiurgo na cosmoloxía platónica?

Causa activa e intelixente do cosmos Signup and view all the answers

Cal é a posición de Platón respecto ao cosmos?

O cosmos é un ser vivo que posúe unha alma Signup and view all the answers

Que condición ten a materia segundo o pensamento platónico?

Preexiste e é caótica e móbil Signup and view all the answers

Qual é a finalidade da creación do mundo segundo o Demiurgo?

Producir o mundo máis bonito e perfecto posible Signup and view all the answers

Que influencia tivo a matemáticas na cosmoloxía platónica?

Estabelecer que o movemento dos corpos celestes segue harmonías musicais Signup and view all the answers

Que dualismo se establece na teoría das Ideas de Platón?

Dualismo antropolóxico entre corpo e alma Signup and view all the answers

Como define Platón o tempo?

Como unha imaxe móbil da eternidade inmóbil Signup and view all the answers

Que representa a Xora na cosmoloxía de Platón?

A materia preexistente e caótica Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plato’s Philosophy

Plato believed that philosophy is best expressed through oral dialogue.
Plato did not create systematic treatises, but rather dialogues that reflect the conversations and discussions that took place within his time period.
Plato’s writings reveal his skepticism of his own theories by constantly revisiting and challenging them.

Plato and Myths

Plato often employed myths to explain his beliefs about a variety of topics, even going as far as to invent or modify them to support his views.
Plato considered myths as credible conjectures, similes, or allegories that could be helpful in understanding complex concepts.
Plato views the use of myths as a way to explain intuitions that are difficult to conceptualize.

Early Dialogues

Between 393-389 BC Plato wrote dialogues that fully reflected the work of Socrates.
Plato’s early works implement the Socratic method to search for the definition of virtues.
Plato's early dialogues include:
- Apology of Socrates (about the duty of a citizen)
- Crito (about the duty of a citizen)
- Hippias Minor (about truth vs. lies)
- Laches (about valor)
- Charmides ( about temperance)
- Lysis (about friendship)
- Euthyphro (about piety)
- Ion (about poetry)
- Protagoras ( about the possibility of teaching virtue and Socrates’ conception of virtue)

Transitional Dialogues

Between 388-385 BC Plato wrote dialogues that were focused on political issues.
Plato criticized democracy and the relativism of the Sophists.
Plato’s transitional dialogues were influenced by Pythagorean thought.
Plato’s transitional dialogues include:
- Gorgias (about rhetoric and justice, a criticism of democracy, and a myth about the soul’s immortality)
- Meno (about the immortality of the soul. )

Plato's Cosmology

Plato believed in an active and intelligent cause known as the Demiurge (the Creator) that made the world, which represents all that is ordered, and opposes the idea that anything happens by chance.
Plato’s model for understanding the Demiurge was based on Anaxagoras, who stated that order comes from an organizing intelligence.
Plato believed that the Demiurge was a god with personal attributes in the sense that he had knowledge and desired and could create.
The Demiurge represents the highest form of existence and acts according to a specific purpose: to create the best possible world.
Plato believed that the Demiurge was responsible for the world and other beings by setting them in motion.

The Structure of the Cosmos

Plato believed the world is made of matter, essence, a productive cause (the Demiurge), and an end goal – the best possible world.
Plato believes there is a material form that is chaotic.
Plato’s cosmos is not perfect because the material element introduces disorder and uncertainty.
Plato viewed matter negatively.
Plato believed that the cosmos is a living being with an eternal soul.

Plato’s Theory of the Soul

Plato believed that the soul is superior to the body because it is connected to the world of ideas.
Plato's theory about the soul emphasized that the soul is immortal and exists before, during, and after physical existence.
Plato's theory about the soul sought to explain the ability to understand ideas.
Plato felt that the soul could purify and free itself by remembering the world of ideas.
Plato's theory of the soul also sought to explain the need to control the body’s desires and the possibility of a future reward for those practicing justice.

Knowledge and Perception

Plato believed that knowledge is obtained through reason.
Knowledge (episteme) requires a focus on the permanent, universal and necessary.
Opinion or belief (doxa) is only obtainable through the senses and does not provide true knowledge about the world.

The Nature of Knowledge

Plato believed that true knowledge comes from remembering the world of ideas.
According to Plato, the human soul dwells in the world of ideas before being put into a physical body.
When the soul inhabits a human body it forgets the world of ideas, but this forgetting is not absolute or final.
Plato argued that learning is actually a process of remembering the eternal truths of the world of ideas.

Plato’s Theory of Love

Plato believed that love was an emotional force that could elevate the soul and draw it towards the world of ideas.

Plato’s Perspective of Virtue

Plato believed that virtue was a form of knowledge.
Plato believed that knowledge of the world of ideas is necessary to practice virtue.
Plato believed that virtue helps to liberate the soul from the bondage of the material world.
Plato viewed virtue as a state of harmony within the soul, which included the rational soul, the spirited soul, and the appetitive soul.

Plato’s Metaphor of the Cave

The metaphor of the cave represents the journey of enlightenment and the process of education.
The escape from the realm of generation and becoming to capture the true essences of the world of ideas is made possible by the study of the four disciplines: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and harmonics.
Plato believed that these studies enable the soul to transcend the physical world and contemplate the eternal.
The study of these four disciplines serves as a foundation for understanding the power of dialectic, which enables people to directly access the world of ideas.
Plato believed that only those who can access the world of ideas are equipped to truly understand their essence.
The Idea of Good is the foundational principle, the ultimate source and ground of all existence.

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Description

Este cuestionario explora a filosofía de Platón, incluíndo a súa metodoloxía a través de diálogos orais e o uso de mitos. As obras de Platón reflejan o pensamento crítico e a continua revisión das súas teorías. Descubre como Platón emprega a maneira socrática para definir valores e virtudes.