Film Techniques

• Film is a visual art form used to communicate ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or atmosphere via moving images shown in cinemas or on television.

Techniques in Film

• Angles, or camera angles, refer to the relationship of the camera with the scene, characters, and objects used to enhance emotion or suggest relationships between characters.
• Main camera angles include: low, normal/straight, high, and Dutch angles.
• Bridging Shot showcases the passage of time, like a clock's hands moving rapidly.
• Color dictates the mood of the scene emotionally, psychologically, and physically, with colors like red and blue having symbolic meanings.
• Cucoloris creates a patterned shadow by placing an object between a light source and the subject, enhancing a scene.
• Establishing Shot is an extreme long shot that shows the time and place context of a scene or film.
• Eyeline Match is a cut from a character looking at something to a shot of what they are looking at.
• Long take (one-shot or sequence shot) edits a series of shots to appear as one continuous shot.
• Mise en scène pertains to the composition, arrangement, and included objects in a shot, such as character placement, set design, setting, and lighting.
• Montage is an editing sequence of shots in quick succession to narrate a story.
• Over the shoulder shot follows a character by shooting over their shoulder.
• Rack Shot shifts the camera's focus from one subject to another.
• Shot types indicate the camera's distance from a character or object, ranging from Extreme Long Shot to Extreme Close Up.

Visual Arts

• Visual Arts are art meant to be perceived by sight, including drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, architecture, allied arts, and photography.

• Drawing creates images using a medium like pencil or pen on a surface with lines and shapes.

• Painting involves applying paint on a surface with tools like brushes or airbrushes, using mediums such as watercolor, oil, acrylic, and spray paint.

• Underpainting is the base layer of paint that can affect the rest of the artwork's color.

• Dry brushing spreads paint with a dry brush, creating varied effects like feathered textures or blending.

• Sgraffito involves removing wet paint to expose the underpainting, used for depicting details like scratches.

• Glazing layers transparent paint over a dry layer to intensify shadows and change colors.

• Sculpture is the art of making three-dimensional pieces with four basic techniques.

• Carving removes materials from the medium using tools like knives and chisels.

• Modeling gradually adds and reworks soft materials to form the sculpture.

• Assembling uses different objects and materials called found objects, glued, attached, or held together.

• Casting is often used for mass productions by pouring a liquid material into a mold.

• Printmaking reproduces a piece of art.

• Serigraphy (silkscreen printing) pushes paint through a screen using a squeegee.

• Relief printmaking carves a block, paints raised areas, and presses it onto a surface.

• Intaglio is the opposite of relief, using engravings to apply paint for an embossed effect, used in printing banknotes.

• Architecture designs and plans structures like buildings and houses.

• Applied Arts applies design to everyday objects.

• Industrial design creates commercial objects to improve functionality and value.

• Graphic design combines images and typography for commercial purposes like advertising.

• Fashion design is the process of designing and creating clothing.

• Interior design creates functional, safe, and aesthetically pleasing environments inside a structure.

• Photography is the process of capturing still images using light with a camera.

• Monochrome captures an image with a single color or hue, often in black and white.

• Motion Blur intentionally blurs the subject to showcase movement or action.

• Macro photography captures small objects and showcases details invisible to the human eye.

• Reflection photography uses mirrors and reflective surfaces to add depth to a photograph.

• Panoramic Stitching merges a series of side-by-side photos to capture a wide scene.

Architecture

• Architecture designs and plans structures like buildings and houses using various materials.

Forms of Contemporary Architecture

• Apartment is a building composed of many residences called units.

• Bahay na Bato is considered a residence of the wealthy, it has two-stories; a brick or stone ground floor with a wooden upper level.

• Barong - barong are the houses of the landless poor that are built on any land area.

• Bungalow is a one-story house with a wide porch and large windows.

• Bahay Kubo is considered an ethnic house of Christian peasant families living in lowland areas; its a traditional ethnic house.

• Houseboat is basically a boat that also serves as a dwelling.

• Market (Palengke) is a Commercial Building, it's a place or building for buying and selling goods.

• Capitol (Kapitolyo) is a Government Building that refers to the building of the provincial government.

• Town Hall (Munisipyo) is a Government Building that refers to the building of the municipal government.

• School is a Public Buildings and Structures where young people are educated.

• Cemetery is a Public Buildings and Structures, it's a place where people bury the dead.

• Church or Simbahan is a Public Buildings and Structures that is a place for Christian congregation worship.

• Movie House or Sinehan is a Public Buildings and Structures where people watch films or motion pictures.

• Theatre is a building intended for dance, musical, and theatrical presentations.

• Lighthouse or Parola is a structure built on an island, peninsula, or rock to ensure that ships will be able to pass through a narrow area safely.

• Bridge or Tulay is a horizontal structure that serves as a passageway between two areas separated by a body of water, hollow area, or a road.

• Skill refers to artistic abilities possessed by artists.

• Technique is how artists use and manipulate materials to achieve a desired effect and communicate meaning.

• Production refers to the making of something or a final product.

Types of Art Techniques

• Collage involves assembling different forms to create a new whole, including materials like magazines, ribbons, and photographs.
• Decalcomania applies gouache to paper or glass and transfers a reversal of the image onto another surface.
• Decoupage adheres cut-outs of paper and coats them with varnish.
• Frottage rubs crayon over a placed object to create an impression.
• Montage assembles images to relate to each other and create a single work.
• Digital Arts use digital technology as an essential part of the creative or presentation process.