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Questions and Answers
What is the maximum number of consecutive terms a senator can serve?
What is the maximum number of consecutive terms a senator can serve?
How long is the term for a representative?
How long is the term for a representative?
In the case of a vacancy, what is the only role of the newly elected senator or representative?
In the case of a vacancy, what is the only role of the newly elected senator or representative?
What is the primary role of elected representatives in the legislative process?
What is the primary role of elected representatives in the legislative process?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of resolution made by either house of Congress?
Which of the following is NOT a type of resolution made by either house of Congress?
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What is the role of the President of the Philippines in the government?
What is the role of the President of the Philippines in the government?
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What must a candidate for the presidency in the Philippines have in common with a vice-presidential candidate?
What must a candidate for the presidency in the Philippines have in common with a vice-presidential candidate?
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Under what circumstances can the President suspend Habeas Corpus?
Under what circumstances can the President suspend Habeas Corpus?
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What is one of the major powers held by the President?
What is one of the major powers held by the President?
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What is the maximum term length for a President re-elected after serving four years or less?
What is the maximum term length for a President re-elected after serving four years or less?
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What was the purpose of replacing the indigenous political system during the colonial period?
What was the purpose of replacing the indigenous political system during the colonial period?
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Which group is part of the Consejo de Administracion?
Which group is part of the Consejo de Administracion?
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What was the function of the Residencia in the colonial political system?
What was the function of the Residencia in the colonial political system?
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Who was responsible for collecting taxes and judging disputes in the barangays?
Who was responsible for collecting taxes and judging disputes in the barangays?
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What role did the KKK play in relation to Democratic ideals?
What role did the KKK play in relation to Democratic ideals?
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What does democracy in the Philippines signify regarding the source of governmental power?
What does democracy in the Philippines signify regarding the source of governmental power?
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What was the significance of the Treaty of Paris in relation to the Philippines?
What was the significance of the Treaty of Paris in relation to the Philippines?
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Which administrative body was formed to monitor municipal funds during colonial rule?
Which administrative body was formed to monitor municipal funds during colonial rule?
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Study Notes
Types of Filipino Societies
- Classless Societies: Communities too small to need a leader.
- Warrior Societies: Defined warrior class, who lead in legislation, inter-ethnic relations, and judicial matters.
- Petty Plutocracies: Clear economic class divisions, with leaders proven themselves.
- Principalities: Clear leaders, with datus and sultans.
Colonial Period Political System
- Indigenous political systems replaced by colonial governance for easier management.
- King, Viceroy, Governor-General, Alcalde-Mayores, Corregidores, Gobernadorcillos, and Cabeza de Barangays.
- Real Audencia: Provided counsel to Governor-General, handled judicial and executive affairs, reviewed Governor-General's actions.
- Intendente/Treasurer: Controlled governor-general's revenue control.
- Consejo de Administracion: Included attorney general, army/navy head, commerce president, religious leaders. Replaced Royal Audencia, acting as counsel.
- Residencia: System investigating executive officials' careers and possible offenses during their term.
- Service record review
- Impeachment
Visitas
- Inspections conducted by Visitador evaluating colonial conditions.
Alcadia and Corregimiento
- Two provincial units (during Spanish colonial period.)
- Alcadia: Under Spanish civil government, led by Alcalde-Mayor, occupied by Spanish people.
Corregimiento
- Under Spanish military rule, led by Corregidor.
- Not fully occupied by Spanish people.
Junta Provincial
- Provincial governor is a member. Has eight additional members, responsible for administration, monitoring municipal funds, consultation, and elections.
Pueblo
- Led by Gobernadorcillo, made up of barangays.
Barangays
- Led by Cabeza de Barangays (former datus)
- Collected taxes, judged disputes, and enforced laws.
Propaganda
- Focused on assimilation of the Philippines to Spain and Filipino representation in Cortes.
Katipunan (KKK)
- Explicitly stated needs for separation.
- Magdalo: Led by Aguinaldo
- Magdiwang: Led by Bonifacio
Tejeros Convention
- Revolutionary government (led by Aguinaldo): Significant loss.
Treaty of Paris
- Sold the Philippines to the US (US acquired the Philippines) for $20,000,000.
Patronato Real
- Spanish Monarch agreement with the Catholic Church.
- Affected Filipinos' political and economic life.
Democracy in the Philippines
- Derived from "demos" (to govern), and "kratos/kratia" (power). Democracy is rule by the people.
- Power comes from the people, not divine right.
Power of the People's in a Democratic Society
- Freedom of expression.
- Equal representation.
- Right to vote for government representatives.
- Right to vote for and against legislation.
Introduction of Democracy
- Influenced by French Revolution's democratic and liberal ideas.
- Propagated by ilustrados (educated Filipinos) via the propaganda movement (Marcelo H. Del Pilar).
Bonifacio's Democratic Appeal
- Andres Bonifacio's group (KKK) adopted democratic ideals.
American Period
- Democracy fully implemented as a political system during the American period.
- U.S. military rule under General Wesley Meritt (August 14, 1898.)
- Schurman Commission (1899-1900): Establishment of civil government.
- Taft Commission (1901-1935): Created insular government, granted Filipinos congress representation through First Philippine Assembly.
- Taft Commission (1901-1935) Established insular government, providing Filipino representation in Congress through the First Philippine Assembly.
- Commonwealth Period (1935-1945): 10-year transition, interrupted by WWII.
- Third Philippine Republic (1945-1972): Philippines gained independence.
- Martial Law (1972-1986): Marcos declared martial law, established new constitution.
1987 Constitution
- Marcos ousted (1985); new constitution created to prevent abuse of martial law powers.
The 1935 Constitution
- Instituted American democracy.
- Male Filipinos received voting rights.
- Manuel Quezon won the 1935 presidential election.
- Women received the right to vote in 1937.
1972-1973 Constitution
- Re-modeled the 1935 Constitution.
- Implemented strict discipline over the economy, legislature, and media.
1987 Constitution
- Reinstated democracy.
- Helped reinstate democracy in the country.
The Executive
- President: Head of government and state.
- Executive Power: Enforce and administer legislation.
- Qualifications for president: Natural-born Filipino citizen, registered voter, at least 40 years old, resident of Philippines for at least 10 years.
- Same for Vice-president.
- Presidents/Vice-presidents are elected through direct vote and begin their six-year term 30 days after the election.
President's Powers
- Appointment power, executive departments, control of executive departments, bureaus, and offices.
- Military power, command of armed forces, suspend habeas corpus, place areas under martial law in cases of invasion, rebellion, or public safety.
- 48-hour report to Congress on martial law proclamation.
- Habeas Corpus (suspended during times of invasion, rebellion), Martial Law (tool for use in emergency situations).
The Legislative
- Congress: Senate (upper house) and House of Representatives (lower house).
- Senators and representatives terms.
- Vacancies, filled per prescribed law.
- Responsibilities of senators and representatives include making, proposing, and enacting legislation.
Bill Creation Process
- Bills come from senators/representatives, the people they represent, or other government branches.
- Elected representatives (congressmen/women) represent constituents.
- Detailed bill-making process with drafts, readings, committee reviews, and debates.
Bill Approval Process
- Bicameral Conference Committee (created when chambers disagree).
- Senate/House vote on bill passage (second reading).
- Final version passed, sent to president for signature (President final approval).
- Law is enacted if signed.
- Veto: President can veto, House/Senate can override.
- Law enacted if not vetoed within stipulated time.
Types of Resolutions
- Joint Resolutions: Have the force of law.
- Concurrent Resolutions: Do not have the force of law - policy statement.
- Simple Resolutions: Do not have the force of law – policy statement in one house of Congress.
Power of Congress
- Declare war, revoke martial law.
- Hearings, funding, approving presidential appointments.
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Description
Explore the various types of Filipino societies, from classless communities to principalities, and understand the complexities of the colonial political system that replaced indigenous governance. This quiz covers the roles of leaders and structures during the colonial period, such as the Governor-General and the Real Audencia. Test your knowledge on these crucial aspects of Philippine history!
