Filipino Oral Traditions and Literature

Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of fables in literature?

To present historical events

To teach moral lessons (correct)

To amuse the audience with adventure tales

To express religious beliefs

Which literary form was introduced to the Philippines that is known for its theatrical performances?

Sonnet

Epic

Komedya (correct)

Narrative

What kind of narratives were used for proselitization besides religious poetry?

Secular stories

Cultural anecdotes

Historical accounts

Prose narratives (correct)

Which of the following works is an example of correspondence literature from the period mentioned?

Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini Signup and view all the answers

Which type of literature is primarily concerned with themes of liberty and freedom?

Secular poetry Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant contribution of Spain to Filipino literature during the specified period?

Merging of Spanish and Tagalog in catechism Signup and view all the answers

Which narrative form is known for resembling a dialogue between characters?

Dialogo Signup and view all the answers

What theme does Fernando Bagonbanta's work primarily illustrate?

Social etiquette and language Signup and view all the answers

What type of poetic form is the tanaga?

A heptasyllabic quatrain Signup and view all the answers

What do proverbs or aphorisms in Filipino culture typically convey?

Norms or codes of behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the nationalistic pride movements in the 1960s and 1970s in the Philippines?

Solidifying the Filipino identity Signup and view all the answers

How are the Filipino epics characterized in terms of their cultural significance?

They are ethno-epics representing varied groups Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a common feature of folk songs in Filipino culture?

They express hopes and aspirations Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the extended didactic sayings from Bukidnon?

Basahanon Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of lullabies in Filipino culture?

They are designed for soothing children Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not considered a form of folk lyric in Filipino culture?

Sonnet Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the author of the first Filipino novel?

Pedro Paterno Signup and view all the answers

What literary movement did Jose Garcia Villa promote in his poetry?

Modernism Signup and view all the answers

Which literary medium became prominent in the Philippines during the 1920s?

Essays in English Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following writers is associated with the Balagtas tradition in poetry?

Alejandro G. Abadilla Signup and view all the answers

Angela Manalang Gloria is known for which aspect of her poetry?

Depicting illicit love Signup and view all the answers

What was a common theme among writers like Claro M. Recto and Teodoro M. Kalaw?

Utilitarian aspect of literature Signup and view all the answers

What publishing outlets contributed to the flourishing of popular writing in native languages?

Liwayway and Bisaya Signup and view all the answers

Which group of writers primarily published essays and short fiction in Spanish?

Journalists and essayists Signup and view all the answers

Which writer won the Commonwealth Literary Award in 1940 for the essay 'Literature and Society'?

Salvador P. Lopez Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Paz Marquez Benitez's short story 'Dead Stars'?

It was the first successful Filipino English short story. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following writers is known for their criticism during the American period?

Leopoldo Yabes Signup and view all the answers

What movement influenced Filipino writers to focus more on craft during the American colonial period?

New Critical Aesthetics Signup and view all the answers

Which narrative style was related to the early Tagalog short fiction known as 'dali'?

Minimal narratives Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote adaptations that fused the romantic tradition with American pop culture?

F.P. Boquecosa Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the contemporary period of Philippine literature?

The resurgence of committed literature after Martial Law. Signup and view all the answers

What was a key tension in the development of Philippine literature during the American period?

A disparaging attitude toward vernacular writings emerged. Signup and view all the answers

What literary forms are Filipino writers actively engaged in?

Poetry, short stories, novellas, novels, and essays Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributed to the increased consciousness of Filipino writers about their craft?

The establishment of writers workshops Signup and view all the answers

How does the Commission on Higher Education impact the teaching of Philippine Literature?

It requires the inclusion of vernacular literature in the curriculum. Signup and view all the answers

What is one result of the various literary awards mentioned in the content?

They motivate writers to improve their craft and seek recognition. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a focus area for Filipino literature mentioned in the content?

Fantasy and science fiction genres Signup and view all the answers

What could be a potential outcome of the increased audience for Filipino writers?

A national literature gaining recognition globally Signup and view all the answers

Which literary awards are mentioned as encouraging Filipino writers to showcase their work?

Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards and Free Press Awards Signup and view all the answers

What role does mass media play in the lives of Filipino writers?

It provides a variety of literature for inspiration. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Philippine Literature Overview

Present-day Filipino writers, artists, and journalists are reclaiming the country’s oral past by documenting and sharing cultural traditions.
Proverbs and aphorisms express behavioral norms, community beliefs, and instill values through concise wisdom.
The tanaga, a mono-rhyming heptasyllabic quatrain, conveys deeper emotional insights than short proverbs and connects to folk lyrics.

Folk Songs and Epics

Folk songs express hopes, aspirations, lifestyles, and love in a repetitive and sonorous manner.
Epics are considered ethno-epics, reflecting the histories of diverse local groups rather than a unified national identity.
Notable Filipino epics include Guman (Subanon), Darangen (Maranao), Hudhud (Ifugao), and Ulahingan (Manobo).

Influence of Colonization on Literature

European colonization introduced theater forms like komedya, sinakulo, and sarswela, enriching local literature.
The introduction of liberal ideas and education systems influenced Filipino intellectuals during the Spanish era.
Religious prose and poetry emerged, focusing on moral conduct, with notable works like "Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini" and "Ang Bagong Robinson."

Rise of National Literature

Rizal’s political novels contrasted with Pedro Paterno’s culturally focused novel, Ninay, which inspired future writers.
Filipino writers began publishing essays and short fiction in Spanish journals, promoting cultural expression.
The Balagtas tradition in poetry was influential, leading to modernism with Alejandro G. Abadilla as a key figure.

Literary Evolution in English

The 1920s marked a surge in essay writing in English, with writers like Carlos P. Romulo and Jorge Bocobo emerging.
Paz Marquez Benitez’s “Dead Stars” is credited as the first successful short story in English by a Filipino.
The American period saw an upsurge in criticism, with Salvador P. Lopez advocating for literature with substance.

Contemporary Literature

Despite a decline in the English novel, literature in vernacular languages continued to thrive.
Modern Filipino writers remain conscious of their craft through writers’ workshops and access to broader literary resources.
Literary awards, such as the Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards, motivate creative competition.
The inclusion of Philippine Literature in higher education is expected to broaden the audience for Filipino writers.

Conclusion

Philippine literature encompasses diverse genres, themes, and influences, integrating national identity and community heritage.
A conscious effort to teach regional literatures may solidify the presence of Filipino literature in the global literary landscape.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the rich oral heritage of the Philippines as contemporary Filipino writers, artists, and journalists strive to preserve and correct the narrative of their country's past. This quiz focuses on the importance of proverbs, community beliefs, and the artistic form of tanaga in expressing cultural values.