Filipino Language: Multilingualism and its uniqueness

YUNIT 1: MIDTERM

• According to Pei (2001), there are over 2,796 main languages in the world, not including different dialects, making the world multilingual.
• Multilingual refers to a person proficient in communicating using 3 or more languages.
• Bilingual is what you call a person who speaks and understands more than one language.
• Monolingual is what you call a person who uses only one language to communicate with other people.
• Venerada S. Lachica (2003) noted that the Philippines is unique in having different languages in the world.
• The Filipino language is not pure Tagalog, but has elements from different languages, dialects, and indigenous languages in the Philippines that are emerging and being added.
• In the age of technology, civilization continues to arise.
• Victoria (2016) noted that Filipino is taught in more than 40 schools in different parts of the world, making it a global language.
• The Filipino language is global due to different countries teaching it such as Germany, the US, the UK, Australia, and France.

Becoming a Global Filipino Language

• Filipinos speak to foreigners using Filipino in the country.
• Filipinos speak to foreigners using Filipino in other countries.
• Foreigners speak to fellow foreigners using Filipino in the Philippines.
• Foreigners use Filipino to speak to fellow foreigners in other countries.
• Edward Sapir sees language a natural and human way of conveying ideas, feelings, and aspirations.

1987 Constitution Of The Philippines Article XIV

• Section 6 states The national language of the Philippines is Filipino
• Section 7 states that for the purposes of communication and instruction, the official languages of the Philippines are Filipino, and English until otherwise provided by law.
• Section 9 states: The congress should establish a commission on the national language.
• According to Baaco, Belgira et al (2013) the existence of a national language leads to the unity of the people.
• According to Baaco, Belgira et al (2013) it helps in the development of different aspects of the country.

History Of The National Language Of The Philippines

• Tagalog is the native language on which the national language of the Philippines is based.
• Pilipino is the first name of the national language of the Philippines.
• Filipino is the current name of the national language of the Philippines.
• According to Salmann (1993) English is the international lingua franca; English was only given meaning by the Filipinos between 1898 and 1946.
• A linguist studies languages and possesses unusual knowledge and skills.

Linguists And Their Views On Language

• Bienvenido Lumbera (2007) stated that language is like breath.
• Using language helps achieve every need.
• Dr. Jose Villa Panganiban views language as a way of expressing opinions and feelings through words to understand each other.
• Pamela C. Constantino and Galileo S. Zafra (2000) sees language as a collection of words and the way they are put together to understand each other. Randy David stated that one needs the English language to survive in these times According to Gleason (1988) language is a systematic structure of spoken sounds that are chosen and arranged.
• According to Rizal, language is the idea and feeling of the nation.

Reasons Why Teaching Language Is Still Hindered

• The language history is reflected in the Filipino language according to Cruz's article.
• The ruling class in the semi-colonial society is the one that sets the standards.

ARTICLE BY CRUZ

• Cruz laid out the history of language policy in education.
• During the period of colonialism of U.S. Imperialism, when the issue of the Filipino language emerged as a subject and as a teaching language.

UNESCO (2003)

• Children who learn to read and write in their first language before learning a second language.

The Relationship Of History And Culture

• According to Palma (2015) that the path taken in studying and teaching history in the Philippines.
• It is necessary to trace its past to the root of its nationalism.
• In a speech by Lumbera (1993), nationalism is powerful leading to change in an individual's life.
• Because the experience of a person in history is important because it strengthens his life.

The Relationship Of Language, Culture, And Identity

• According to Amtalao and Lartec (2015) that the study of culture and identity are inseparable.
• According to de Quiros, (1996) language has power.
• According to San Juan (2012) language is like water, because the shape of water is whatever the shape the container is in.
• Culture constitutes the art, literature, beliefs, and customs of a group.
• Culture reflects society and quickly adapts to change due to globalization.
• According to Rubrico (2009) there are two types of culture, material and non-material culture.

Material Culture

• Tools and instruments
• Clothing
• Equipment

Non-Material Culture

• Customs
• Tradition
• Literature
• Music
• Dance
• Beliefs
• Government
• Livelihood
• Music includes native songs such as kundiman or modern songs such as jazz, k-pop, rap, and reggae.
• Taste/Food includes foreign foods such as hotdogs, pizza, milktea, etc.
• Language/Speech includes jejemon, bekimon, and other slang.
• According to Tylor (1990) culture is a total complex with a wide scope.
• According to Bakhtin, the carnival is a performance that includes different types of culture.
• According to Adorno, the culture industry is a reflection of the greater needs of a society.
• Indie is a Filipino pastime that was made and not included in the mainstream.
• Awiting novelty is a type of culture embraced due to popularity due to widespread patronage and advertising.

YUNIT 2

Theory

• The theory is a weapon of the researcher in his analysis and the researcher has connection.

Pantayong Panorama

• A pro-Filipino historical lens developed by Dr. Zeus Salazar.
• (Chua, 1989), study of our history from our own perspective, it is from the word tayo.
• Stories and histories of Filipinos told by Filipinos for Filipinos.

EXAMPLE

• There are "Concept of Bayan in the Folk Tales of Camarines Norte" by Rose Ann DP. Aler, PhD.

Mocking Panorama

• Product of critical thought and creative imagination by Dr. Rhoderick Nuncio and Elizabeth Morales-Nuncio (2004).
• Meaning laughter as criticism reaction expresses feeling, a mechanism of feeling refers to the thinking of man

Five Elements Of Tongue Panorama

• Medium - stage, street, radio, literature, TV, etc.
• Context - social issue that traverses the social and political situation of the country
• Content or Form - folk tales, saynete, bodabil, drama, etc.
• Actor - heart, actor, comedian, etc.
• Viewer

Attributes Of The View

• A critical reading
• Subjective broken into image and body
• Has history
• Intersubjective
• Intertextual or reflexive

Lens For Studying Them

• Pantreatro play
• Radio Play
• Folk Tale
• Song
• Dance
• Film
• Television Program
• Stand-up comedy
• Etc. Funny element

Dependent Point Of View

• Became popular in 1960 introduced by Raul Prebisch
• Enrichment of rich countries is the suffering of small countries
• Also called foreign dependency
• There is great inequality in the world economy

Feminist Point Of View

• Focus on the situation or representation of women
• Purpose to change the ready-made image
• Female character is actively involved
• Not only a follower, but a leader of change
• According to de Beauvior "there is no essential nature that will determine women, women are not born women, she becomes a woman."

EXAMPLE

• "Breast" by Prof. Aileen Conception Ani, MAED.

Formalism Point Of View

• Focus on the time and way a work is formed
• Pays attention to the form of literature
• Physical characteristics of the work
• No symbolism
• What the author says in his literature is what he wants to express

Historical Point Of View

• Literary criticism that investigates the origins of an ancient literary work
• To understand the world behind the text
• Examines the influences that shape the work

Used To Investigate Them

• Time of writing
• Where it was written

Sociological Point Of View

• Looks at the overall pattern of individual behavior
• The writer is a product of his time
• Gives primary value to man
• Man is the center of the earth, a measure of things, and master of his destiny

Structuralism Point Of View

• Started the concept of relationship
• A phenomenon cannot be described or explained

According To This Point Of View

• The effect that you saw in its sequence of words and sentences
• The importance is giving it signs or symbols

Point Of View

• The example is "Red=Hot" Marx Point Of View

Marxist Point Of View

• Based on the writings of the philosophers
• A universal perspective and analysis centered on class conflict
• The man on the fringes of society will win

Point Of View

• The example is "No Lord" by Deogracias A. Rosario

Post-Structural Point Of View

• Based on the structural theory
• The bias of language is presented as the result of a convergence due to difference
• According to Michel Foucalt, the idea of deconstruction is to use the idea of breaking down the truth

Theory Of Acceptance/Reading

• Modern theory in the deeply influential west

Nationalism Point Of View

• Political, social, and economic system
• Aims to preserve the culture of a nation

Anti-Class/Breakthrough/Ordinance

• According to Tolentino, 2009, is the action towards triumphing in literature and even in history and society

Filipino Psychology

• Built by Dr. Virgilio Enriquez (1985) refers to the psychology formed from experience, thought and orientation

Realism

• Realism aims to show the experience and witness of the author.
• Literature is derived from real life but is not exactly true because the artist and artistry are taken into account.
• The truth is more important than beauty.

Topics Include

• Poverty
• Vice
• Experience
• Corruption
• Crime
• Prostitution
• Lack of justice
• Ignorance

Klasismo

• Klasismo aim to present the events in a simple way, about the difference in the state of life
• These are the writings of the writers
• Ideas are more valued than emotions
• Expresses that a work does not become obsolete or outdated

Examples Of Klasismo

• Ibong Adarna
• Noli Me Tangere
• Florante and Laura

Archetypal

• Archetypal aims to show the important parts of the work through symbols
• Symbols in the work cannot be analyzed

Examples Of Archetypal Symbolism

• SWP - Institute of National Language LWP - Lineage of Languages in the Philippines