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The critical step in Gram staining where the differentiation between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria occurs.

A solution containing acetone and alcohol, used as a decolorizer in Gram staining. Its purpose is to remove the primary stain from gram-negative bacteria.

A polymer found in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria, contributing to its rigid structure. It attracts magnesium and calcium.

A lack of a cell wall in these bacteria leads to a gram-negative reaction, despite not having the typical gram-negative cell wall structure.

These bacteria inherently possess a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane, making them naturally resistant to the gram stain.

The presence of mycolic acid, a type of hydrophobic lipid, makes it challenging to perform a gram stain on these bacteria.

A staining method specifically designed to target bacteria with mycolic acids in their cell wall, like Mycobacterium and Nocardia spp.

This phenomenon occurs when some gram-positive bacteria may appear either gram-positive or negative during staining, indicating their cell wall structure and permeability may change from cell to cell.

A staining method that targets a subset of bacteria with mycolic acids in their cell walls, differentiating them from other bacteria.

A component of the Acid-Fast Stain (FHAM) that acts as a decolorizer to differentiate acid-fast bacteria from non-acid-fast bacteria.

Acid-fast bacteria resist decolorization by acid alcohol, retaining the primary stain and appearing red.

A bacterium known for its partially acid-fast nature, meaning some of its cells resist decolorization while others don't.

A basic fuchsin dye combined with phenol, used as the primary stain in the Ziehl-Neelsen staining method for acid-fast bacteria.

Mycolic acids create a waxy, hydrophobic layer in the cell wall, making it resist decolorization and making the bacteria acid-fast.