31 Questions
What is the main challenge faced by epidemiologists in today's information age?
Standardization and interoperability of data
Why are epidemiologic data considered paramount?
To protect the public's health and safety
What is the primary objective of a field epidemiologic investigation?
To identify urgent public health problems
What must epidemiologists consider when identifying relevant data sources for a field investigation?
Standardization and interoperability of data
Why is the challenge in today's information age not the lack of data?
Difficulty in identifying relevant data
What do epidemiologists need to determine quickly during a field investigation?
Whether existing data can be analyzed or new data need to be collected
What is a challenge in accessing or collecting data for field epidemiologic investigations?
Difficulty in combining data from different sources
Where do public health departments primarily get notifiable disease case data from?
Mandatory reporting by providers and laboratories
What type of data might be available only through secondary sources, such as hospital discharge summaries?
Data on chronic diseases and injuries
What type of surveys generally are conducted only among a small proportion of the total population and are de-identified?
Population-based surveys
What should new data collected in the context of field investigations be evaluated for?
Quality, definitions, timeliness, completeness, simplicity, generalizability, validity, and reliability
What should epidemiologists remember when delineating their data collection plans?
GIGO (garbage in, garbage out)
What kind of data sources cover many disease outcomes?
Death certificates
"These include investigation objectives and scope, whether requisite data exist and can be accessed," What are 'requisite data'?"
"Data required for investigation objectives"
"Methods for and feasibility of primary data collection," What do 'feasibility' refer to in this context?
"Practicality of primary data collection methods"
What is the first choice for most surgical procedures, according to the text?
Cefazolin
In the presence of severe penicillin allergy, what antibiotic might be used as an alternative?
Clindamycin
Which antibiotic should be added for colorectal procedures, appendectomy, hysterectomy, and urologic procedures entering the gastrointestinal tract?
Metronidazole
If cefazolin is not available, what action should the hospital take?
Take action to avail it
Which of the following is a common organism causing surgical site infections (SSIs)?
E. coli
Which antibiotic should be used as an alternative until cefazolin supply is ensured?
Ampicillin/Ampicillin sulbactam
When should antimicrobial prophylaxis be administered for clean procedures?
30-45 minutes prior to incision
For procedures lasting longer than 3 hours, what is the re-dosing recommendation for antimicrobial prophylaxis?
Additional dose is needed
What should be the route of administration for all prophylactic agents?
Intravenous (IV)
What is strongly discouraged in terms of postoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis?
Multiple additional doses
What is one of the basic challenges mentioned regarding the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials for prophylaxis?
Short supply of cefazolin
What limitation should be placed on the use of vancomycin for surgical prophylaxis?
Limited use for patients with a high risk of MRSA colonization
What can be implemented to avoid unnecessary and risky prolonged antimicrobial prophylaxis?
Automatic stop order policy
What is required for the use of vancomycin, third generation cephalosporins, and other advanced antimicrobials indicated as alternatives in the guideline?
Authorization policy implemented by the hospital administration
Who may be involved in authorizing the use of advanced antimicrobials in a hospital setting?
'Reserve' category specialist
Which category of patients can cefazolin safely be used for, even in settings with a high prevalence of MRSA?
All patients regardless of MRSA risk
Test your knowledge on the steps and methods involved in conducting a field epidemiologic investigation to identify the cause of urgent public health problems and implementing evidence-based control measures. Learn about the importance of epidemiologic data in protecting public health.
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