Podcast
Questions and Answers
What triggers the requirement for agency disclosure?
What triggers the requirement for agency disclosure?
- First substantive contact with the customer (correct)
- The signature of an agency agreement
- The initiation of negotiation on property price
- The presentation of a property listing
What is the role of informed consent in agency relationships?
What is the role of informed consent in agency relationships?
- It mandates the use of written contracts only
- It ensures that the client is fully informed before agreeing to the relationship (correct)
- It eliminates the need for any agency disclosures
- It allows a client to enter into a relationship without understanding it entirely
What is included in the Pennsylvania Consumer Notice?
What is included in the Pennsylvania Consumer Notice?
- A list of all properties available for sale
- An overview of agency relationships and duties owed to consumers (correct)
- A price list of real estate transactions
- Exclusive agreements with buyers only
What must a licensee do upon providing the Pennsylvania Consumer Notice?
What must a licensee do upon providing the Pennsylvania Consumer Notice?
What duty does Buyer Agent Earl owe to Listing Broker Bob regarding Suzy's financial condition?
What duty does Buyer Agent Earl owe to Listing Broker Bob regarding Suzy's financial condition?
Which of the following statements about dual agents is true?
Which of the following statements about dual agents is true?
Which of the following best describes the duty of honest and fair dealing?
Which of the following best describes the duty of honest and fair dealing?
What is one of the duties that a principal owes to an agent?
What is one of the duties that a principal owes to an agent?
Which of the following is NOT a duty of a seller agent?
Which of the following is NOT a duty of a seller agent?
What is the minimum duration a licensee must keep the Consumer Notice form?
What is the minimum duration a licensee must keep the Consumer Notice form?
What does the duty of reasonable care/skill entail for an agent?
What does the duty of reasonable care/skill entail for an agent?
Why is it important for a principal to cooperate with their agent?
Why is it important for a principal to cooperate with their agent?
Which statement about agency relationships is accurate?
Which statement about agency relationships is accurate?
What does the principal's duty of indemnification involve?
What does the principal's duty of indemnification involve?
If first contact is made via phone, what is the licensee's obligation?
If first contact is made via phone, what is the licensee's obligation?
Which of the following is NOT a duty that an agent owes to their client?
Which of the following is NOT a duty that an agent owes to their client?
What component must be included in an acknowledgment section of the Consumer Notice?
What component must be included in an acknowledgment section of the Consumer Notice?
In the agency relationship, which party is responsible for providing direction and making the property accessible for showings?
In the agency relationship, which party is responsible for providing direction and making the property accessible for showings?
What risk does failure to disclose potential conflicts of interest pose?
What risk does failure to disclose potential conflicts of interest pose?
What does the term 'caveat emptor' imply in real estate transactions?
What does the term 'caveat emptor' imply in real estate transactions?
Which action can create a conflict of interest in agency relationships?
Which action can create a conflict of interest in agency relationships?
What is true regarding the duties owed to a customer compared to a client?
What is true regarding the duties owed to a customer compared to a client?
Under what circumstance might agency disclosure need to be repeated?
Under what circumstance might agency disclosure need to be repeated?
What must a license holder disclose before entering an agency relationship in a transaction?
What must a license holder disclose before entering an agency relationship in a transaction?
Under the Pennsylvania Real Estate Licensing and Registration Act (RELRA), when must a licensee provide written disclosure of interests?
Under the Pennsylvania Real Estate Licensing and Registration Act (RELRA), when must a licensee provide written disclosure of interests?
Which of the following is NOT required to be disclosed by a licensee?
Which of the following is NOT required to be disclosed by a licensee?
What is the primary purpose of agency disclosure?
What is the primary purpose of agency disclosure?
What constitutes a material fact in a real estate transaction?
What constitutes a material fact in a real estate transaction?
Why is the disclosure of a seller's financial condition important in a transaction?
Why is the disclosure of a seller's financial condition important in a transaction?
What is the main purpose of the duty of confidentiality in a fiduciary relationship?
What is the main purpose of the duty of confidentiality in a fiduciary relationship?
What can happen if a buyer's financial condition is overshared in a transaction?
What can happen if a buyer's financial condition is overshared in a transaction?
Which of the following is NOT an exception to the confidentiality rule?
Which of the following is NOT an exception to the confidentiality rule?
In what scenario is it appropriate for a buyer's agent to disclose financial capability?
In what scenario is it appropriate for a buyer's agent to disclose financial capability?
How long must a license holder keep financial records related to real estate transactions?
How long must a license holder keep financial records related to real estate transactions?
Which of the following describes a client's role in a transaction?
Which of the following describes a client's role in a transaction?
What is commingling in the context of fiduciary duties?
What is commingling in the context of fiduciary duties?
How do the duties owed to clients differ from those owed to customers?
How do the duties owed to clients differ from those owed to customers?
What duty is expected of a license holder concerning reasonable skill, care, and diligence?
What duty is expected of a license holder concerning reasonable skill, care, and diligence?
What obligation does a licensee have when a potential conflict of interest arises?
What obligation does a licensee have when a potential conflict of interest arises?
What type of relationship must a licensee disclose if representing more than one party?
What type of relationship must a licensee disclose if representing more than one party?
Which obligation do agents have towards customers and third parties?
Which obligation do agents have towards customers and third parties?
What role do third parties play in real estate transactions?
What role do third parties play in real estate transactions?
What should agents do if a client asks them to share confidential information?
What should agents do if a client asks them to share confidential information?
Why is it essential for sellers to disclose the condition of the property?
Why is it essential for sellers to disclose the condition of the property?
Under which scenario would an agent NOT be violating confidentiality?
Under which scenario would an agent NOT be violating confidentiality?
What distinguishes agency disclosure from full disclosure?
What distinguishes agency disclosure from full disclosure?
What is a potential risk if an agent fails to demonstrate reasonable skill and care?
What is a potential risk if an agent fails to demonstrate reasonable skill and care?
Which of the following actions represents a breach of the fiduciary duty of accounting?
Which of the following actions represents a breach of the fiduciary duty of accounting?
Why is confidentiality considered a lasting responsibility for agents?
Why is confidentiality considered a lasting responsibility for agents?
What is the primary responsibility of an agent in a fiduciary relationship?
What is the primary responsibility of an agent in a fiduciary relationship?
Which of the following is NOT part of the OLDCAR acronym for fiduciary duties?
Which of the following is NOT part of the OLDCAR acronym for fiduciary duties?
Why is it important for agents to avoid oversharing confidential information, even with permission?
Why is it important for agents to avoid oversharing confidential information, even with permission?
Under what circumstance might an agent not be required to obey a client’s instruction?
Under what circumstance might an agent not be required to obey a client’s instruction?
What essential duty does the fiduciary duty of loyalty encompass?
What essential duty does the fiduciary duty of loyalty encompass?
What must an agent disclose to their client?
What must an agent disclose to their client?
What does the fiduciary duty of reasonable care involve?
What does the fiduciary duty of reasonable care involve?
Which scenario illustrates a violation of the duty of obedience?
Which scenario illustrates a violation of the duty of obedience?
Why is the fiduciary relationship considered a high-trust relationship?
Why is the fiduciary relationship considered a high-trust relationship?
Which of the following actions would violate the fiduciary duty of disclosure?
Which of the following actions would violate the fiduciary duty of disclosure?
What is the consequence of not adhering to fiduciary duties?
What is the consequence of not adhering to fiduciary duties?
In what scenario would an agent’s knowledge about a buyer's motivation be material?
In what scenario would an agent’s knowledge about a buyer's motivation be material?
What should agents do when faced with a conflict between their interests and their client’s interests?
What should agents do when faced with a conflict between their interests and their client’s interests?
Which of the following describes a characteristic of the duty of confidentiality?
Which of the following describes a characteristic of the duty of confidentiality?
What is a common duty that is often overlooked when discussing fiduciary responsibilities?
What is a common duty that is often overlooked when discussing fiduciary responsibilities?
What are fiduciary duties primarily based on?
What are fiduciary duties primarily based on?
Which group does an agent owe higher fiduciary duties?
Which group does an agent owe higher fiduciary duties?
What is required from an agent from the start of an agency relationship?
What is required from an agent from the start of an agency relationship?
Agency disclosure typically occurs at what point in a transaction?
Agency disclosure typically occurs at what point in a transaction?
Which of the following is NOT a type of disclosure discussed?
Which of the following is NOT a type of disclosure discussed?
What is the primary function of fiduciary duties in real estate?
What is the primary function of fiduciary duties in real estate?
What responsibility do agents have towards their sponsoring broker?
What responsibility do agents have towards their sponsoring broker?
Which statement best describes the role of disclosure in real estate transactions?
Which statement best describes the role of disclosure in real estate transactions?
Flashcards
Fiduciary Duties
Fiduciary Duties
Legal duties owed by an agent (licensee) to their clients, usually involving a higher standard of care and loyalty.
Agency Relationship
Agency Relationship
A legal relationship where one party (the agent) acts on behalf of another party (the principal) with the authority to bind the principal.
Common Law of Agency
Common Law of Agency
The legal principle that dictates the duties owed by an agent to their principal, customers, and third parties.
Disclosure
Disclosure
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Material Facts
Material Facts
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Agency Disclosure
Agency Disclosure
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First Substantive Contact
First Substantive Contact
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Informed Consent
Informed Consent
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Pennsylvania Consumer Notice
Pennsylvania Consumer Notice
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Acknowledgment Section
Acknowledgment Section
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Seller Agent
Seller Agent
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Buyer Agent
Buyer Agent
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Dual Agent
Dual Agent
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Continuous and Good Faith Effort (Seller Agent)
Continuous and Good Faith Effort (Seller Agent)
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Continuous and Good Faith Effort (Buyer Agent)
Continuous and Good Faith Effort (Buyer Agent)
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Confidentiality (Seller/Buyer Agent)
Confidentiality (Seller/Buyer Agent)
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Disclosure of Known Material Defects
Disclosure of Known Material Defects
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Subagent
Subagent
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Record Keeping (Consumer Notice)
Record Keeping (Consumer Notice)
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Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest
Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest
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Disclosure of Interests
Disclosure of Interests
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Conflict of Interest
Conflict of Interest
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Buyer's Financing Ability
Buyer's Financing Ability
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Timely Disclosure of Conflicts
Timely Disclosure of Conflicts
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General Duty of Disclosure
General Duty of Disclosure
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Caveat Emptor
Caveat Emptor
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As-Is Purchase
As-Is Purchase
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Disclosure of Buyer's Financial Condition
Disclosure of Buyer's Financial Condition
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Disclosure of Interests
Disclosure of Interests
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Conflict of Interest
Conflict of Interest
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Timely Disclosure of Conflicts
Timely Disclosure of Conflicts
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Honesty and Fair Dealing
Honesty and Fair Dealing
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Reasonable Care/Skill
Reasonable Care/Skill
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Disclosure of Material Facts to Third Parties
Disclosure of Material Facts to Third Parties
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Cooperation (Duty of Principal)
Cooperation (Duty of Principal)
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Compensation (Duty of Principal)
Compensation (Duty of Principal)
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Indemnification (Duty of Principal)
Indemnification (Duty of Principal)
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Fiduciary Duty: Obedience
Fiduciary Duty: Obedience
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Fiduciary Duty: Loyalty
Fiduciary Duty: Loyalty
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Fiduciary Duty: Disclosure
Fiduciary Duty: Disclosure
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Fiduciary Duty: Confidentiality
Fiduciary Duty: Confidentiality
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Fiduciary Duty: Accounting
Fiduciary Duty: Accounting
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Fiduciary Duty: Reasonable Care
Fiduciary Duty: Reasonable Care
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Broker and Agent Duties
Broker and Agent Duties
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Fiduciary vs. Contractual Duty
Fiduciary vs. Contractual Duty
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Trust and Confidence
Trust and Confidence
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Client's Interests First
Client's Interests First
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Illegal or Unethical Instructions
Illegal or Unethical Instructions
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Setting the Listing Price
Setting the Listing Price
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Disclosing Material Facts
Disclosing Material Facts
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Duty to Disclose: Known and Unknown Facts
Duty to Disclose: Known and Unknown Facts
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Scope of Disclosure
Scope of Disclosure
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Confidentiality (Fiduciary Duty)
Confidentiality (Fiduciary Duty)
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Commingling
Commingling
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Accounting (Fiduciary Duty)
Accounting (Fiduciary Duty)
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Reasonable Skill/Care/Diligence
Reasonable Skill/Care/Diligence
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Disclosure (Customer/Third Party Duty)
Disclosure (Customer/Third Party Duty)
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Honesty and Fair Dealing (Customer/Third Party Duty)
Honesty and Fair Dealing (Customer/Third Party Duty)
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Reasonable Care/Skill (Customer/Third Party Duty)
Reasonable Care/Skill (Customer/Third Party Duty)
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Accounting (Customer/Third Party Duty)
Accounting (Customer/Third Party Duty)
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Client Instruction to Share Confidential Information
Client Instruction to Share Confidential Information
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Legal Request for Confidential Information
Legal Request for Confidential Information
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Material Facts Regarding Property Condition
Material Facts Regarding Property Condition
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Study Notes
Fiduciary Duties in Real Estate
- Real estate professionals have varying fiduciary duties based on their interactions (client vs. customer/third party)
- Key terms: informed consent, first substantive contact, fiduciary duties, agency disclosure, disclosure of material facts
- Common law of agency dictates higher duties to principals (clients) than customers/third parties
- Disclosure is a paramount duty throughout all real estate transactions, even before an agency relationship.
Agency Disclosure
- Agency disclosure involves the licensee's transparency regarding existing agency relationships in a transaction
- Disclosing the agency representation (seller, buyer) is crucial during initial contact.
- First substantive contact triggers agency disclosure. Often the first face-to-face meeting.
- Informed consent requires a client/customer to fully understand the agency relationship.
Pennsylvania Consumer Notice
- State-mandated agency disclosure form.
- Includes various roles, responsibilities, and duties.
- Outlines negotiable contractual terms (within the agency agreement).
- Acknowledgment section documents receipt by the customer/consumer
- Should be kept on file for 6 months by the licensee.
Disclosure of Interests
- Licensees must disclose any ownership interest or relationship to a transaction party.
- This includes any material facts interfering with fiduciary duties.
- Pennsylvania law mandates written disclosure if the licensee owns the property or represents multiple parties.
Disclosure of Material Facts
- Material facts are those that could influence a buyer/seller's decision.
- Primarily focuses on property condition (e.g. property condition, radon, encroachments).
- Financial condition of parties can be a material fact.
Fiduciary Duties Owed to Clients (Principals)
- Fiduciary duties exceed contract law and prioritize clients' interests.
- OLDCAR acronym is often used to summarize key duties: Obedience, Loyalty, Disclosure, Confidentiality, Accounting, Reasonable skill/care/diligence
- Obedience: Agents adhere to client instructions, except those illegal or unethical.
- Loyalty: Acting in the best interests of the client, always.
- Disclosure: Sharing all known material facts (including those a reasonable agent should know).
- Confidentiality: Protecting sensitive information unless the client authorizes its release.
- Accounting: Proper handling of client funds and thorough record-keeping.
- Reasonable Skill/Care/Diligence: Providing professional competence and expertise.
Fiduciary Duties Owed to Customers/Third Parties
- Duties include disclosure, honesty/fair dealing, reasonable skill, and accounting.
- Disclosure involves revealing agency representation and material facts.
- Full disclosure is reserved for clients.
Duties of Brokers and Sponsored Agents
- Sponsored agents have same duties to principals as their broker.
- Broker's duties to customers/third parties are shared by their agents.
Duties of the Principal to the Agent
- Cooperation: Principals must facilitate the agency relationship (accessibility, participation).
- Compensation: Compensation details should be clearly defined in the agreement.
- Indemnification: Principals protect the agent from liability stemming from authorized actions (excluding gross negligence or willful wrongdoing)
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