Fick's Laws of Science
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Fick's Laws of Science

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Questions and Answers

What is Adolf Fick known for in the field of science?

  • Discovering a new molecule
  • Formulating laws that are widely used in various branches of science (correct)
  • Creating a new laboratory technique
  • Developing a new branch of physics

    • What is the reward for each molecule that moves from side one to side two of the box?

  • $10
  • $1
  • $5 (correct)
  • $20

    • What is the time period chosen for the experiment in the challenge?

  • 5 hours
  • 1 hour (correct)
  • 30 minutes
  • 2 hours

    • What happens to the molecules in the box?

    <p>They bounce around</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective of the challenge?

    <p>To observe the movement of molecules from one side to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many molecules are initially placed on side one of the box?

    <p>3 or 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the molecule that makes it from side one to side two?

    <p>The person gets $5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the movement of molecules?

    <p>They move randomly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of the experiment?

    <p>To maximize the amount of particles that reach the blue wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first idea to modify the experiment?

    <p>Decrease the thickness of the wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Graham's law, what type of molecules have a faster diffusion rate?

    <p>Smaller molecules with lower molecular weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the pressure at position one?

    <p>More molecules will move towards the blue wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fourth idea to modify the experiment?

    <p>Increase the surface area of the wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is making the wall smaller a good idea?

    <p>Because it reduces the distance the molecules need to travel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the blue wall in the experiment?

    <p>To observe the particles as they reach the wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the molecules when the pressure is increased at position one?

    <p>They move faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of using smaller molecules with lower molecular weight?

    <p>They have a faster diffusion rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of brainstorming ideas to modify the experiment?

    <p>To maximize the profits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why molecules have a harder time crossing a thick wall?

    <p>Because it's harder for molecules to move quickly through a thick wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Fick's law, in essence, based on?

    <p>The net rate of particles moving through an area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when people lump things together in Fick's law?

    <p>They get the flux and gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of gradient in Fick's law?

    <p>The change in pressure over a distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do particles in a volume exert some pressure?

    <p>Because the particles are concentrated in a small volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diffusion constant in Fick's law?

    <p>A constant that carries on down in Fick's law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Fick's law written in different ways?

    <p>Because people rearrange the formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the idea of flux in Fick's law?

    <p>The net rate of particles moving through an area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the partial pressure when the area is expanded?

    <p>It stays the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Fick's law related to?

    <p>The movement of particles over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diffusion constant (D) related to?

    <p>Henry's law and Graham's law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a larger surface area on the movement of particles?

    <p>It increases the rate of particles moving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dividing by the thickness of the wall in Fick's law?

    <p>To account for the resistance of the wall to particle movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a smaller molecular weight on the diffusion constant?

    <p>It increases the diffusion constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate of particles moving represented by in Fick's law?

    <p>V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the two sides of the wall referred to as?

    <p>Delta P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Henry's law related to?

    <p>The solubility of molecules in a liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the pressure difference between the two sides on the rate of particles moving?

    <p>It increases the rate of particles moving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fick's Law and Maximizing Particle Movement

    • A challenge is presented: to maximize the number of particles moving from one side of a box to the other within a certain time period, with a reward of $5 for each particle that makes it across.
    • The box has a blue wall on one side, and particles are introduced on the other side. The goal is to get as many particles as possible to move from the introduction side to the blue wall side.

    Ideas to Maximize Particle Movement

    • Make the distance between the introduction side and the blue wall shorter to reduce the distance particles need to travel.
    • Use smaller molecules, which have a faster diffusion rate according to Graham's law, to increase the number of particles that can move across.
    • Increase the pressure on the introduction side by adding more particles, which will increase the likelihood of particles moving across.
    • Increase the surface area of the blue wall to provide more opportunities for particles to cross over.

    Fick's Law

    • Fick's law describes the movement of particles over time and is commonly written as: V̇ = (P1 - P2) × A × D / T
    • The variables in the equation represent:
      • V̇: the rate of particles moving across (volume or amount per unit time)
      • P1 - P2: the pressure difference between the introduction side and the blue wall side
      • A: the surface area of the blue wall
      • D: the diffusion constant, which is influenced by the molecular weight of the particles and Henry's law
      • T: the thickness of the wall that particles need to cross

    Alternative Forms of Fick's Law

    • Fick's law can be rearranged to show the area on the left side of the equation and the pressure difference and surface area on the right side.
    • Fick's law can also be written in terms of flux and gradient, where flux is the net rate of particles moving through an area, and gradient is the change in pressure over a distance.

    Key Concepts

    • Diffusion constant (D) is influenced by molecular weight and Henry's law.
    • Thickness (T) of the wall affects the rate of particle movement.
    • Surface area (A) increases the likelihood of particles crossing over.
    • Pressure difference (P1 - P2) drives the movement of particles across the wall.

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