Fick's Law and Gas Diffusion
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the correct definition of dyspnoea?

  • A subjective perception of shortness of breath (correct)
  • A term combining the patient's subjective sensation of dyspnea with signs indicating difficulty breathing
  • Insufficient delivery of oxygen to the tissues
  • Deficiency of oxygen in arterial blood

    • Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypoxemia?

  • Hypoventilation
  • Diffusion impairment (correct)
  • Right to left shunt (intrapulmonary shunt)
  • Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch

    • What is the normal range for PaCO2?

  • > 45mmHg
  • < 35mmHg
  • 35-45mmHg (correct)
  • 60-70mmHg

    • What are the effects of hypercapnia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a right shift on the Oxy-Hb curve indicate?

    <p>Decreased O2 affinity to Hb at the alveolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PaO2 measure?

    <p>The amount of dissolved oxygen in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to assess accessory muscle use in a laboured breathing patient?

    <p>To identify the specific muscles involved in laboured inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law describes the relationship between the concentration of a gas in a solution and its partial pressure?

    <p>Fick's law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the rate of gas diffusion across a permeable membrane according to Fick's law?

    <p>The partial pressure gradient of the gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Bohr effect refer to?

    <p>The affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen is reduced under conditions of low pH and high levels of carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the O2-Hb dissociation curve illustrate?

    <p>The affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a left shift in the O2-Hb dissociation curve indicate?

    <p>Increased affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a right shift in the O2-Hb dissociation curve indicate?

    <p>Decreased affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of SaO2 for COPD patients?

    <p>88-92%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of fine crackles?

    <p>Short duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for arterial pH?

    <p>7.35 to 7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by type 2 respiratory failure?

    <p>Hypercapnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for arterial PaO2?

    <blockquote> <p>75mmHg</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a pleural rub?

    <p>Loud grating or rubbing sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for arterial PaCO2?

    <p>35 to 45mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by type 1 respiratory failure?

    <p>Hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for arterial bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels?

    <p>22 to 26 mmol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for tidal volume aim in adults?

    <p>5 to 10 ml/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of dead space?

    <p>Physiological dead space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for minute ventilation?

    <p>$V = RR \times TV$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT a cause of respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>Lung disease causing impaired gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for pulmonary compliance?

    <p>$Pulmonary\ compliance = \frac{Volume},{Pressure}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct equation for inspiratory capacity (IC)?

    <p>$IC = Tidal\ volume + Inspiratory\ reserve\ volume$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a V/Q ratio less than 1 indicate?

    <p>Intrapulmonary shunt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for functional residual capacity (FRC)?

    <p>$FRC = Expiratory\ reserve\ volume + Residual\ volume$</p> Signup and view all the answers

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