30 Questions
Which of the following is the correct definition of dyspnoea?
A subjective perception of shortness of breath
Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypoxemia?
Diffusion impairment
What is the normal range for PaCO2?
35-45mmHg
What are the effects of hypercapnia?
All of the above
What does a right shift on the Oxy-Hb curve indicate?
Decreased O2 affinity to Hb at the alveolus
What does PaO2 measure?
The amount of dissolved oxygen in the blood
Why is it important to assess accessory muscle use in a laboured breathing patient?
To identify the specific muscles involved in laboured inhalation
Which law describes the relationship between the concentration of a gas in a solution and its partial pressure?
Fick's law
What determines the rate of gas diffusion across a permeable membrane according to Fick's law?
The partial pressure gradient of the gas
What does the Bohr effect refer to?
The affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen is reduced under conditions of low pH and high levels of carbon dioxide
What does the O2-Hb dissociation curve illustrate?
The affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen
What does a left shift in the O2-Hb dissociation curve indicate?
Increased affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen
What does a right shift in the O2-Hb dissociation curve indicate?
Decreased affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen
What is the normal range of SaO2 for COPD patients?
88-92%
Which of the following is a characteristic of fine crackles?
Short duration
What is the normal range for arterial pH?
7.35 to 7.45
Which of the following conditions is characterized by type 2 respiratory failure?
Hypercapnia
What is the normal range for arterial PaO2?
75mmHg
Which of the following is a characteristic of a pleural rub?
Loud grating or rubbing sounds
What is the normal range for arterial PaCO2?
35 to 45mmHg
Which of the following conditions is characterized by type 1 respiratory failure?
Hypoxemia
What is the normal range for arterial bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels?
22 to 26 mmol
What is the normal range for tidal volume aim in adults?
5 to 10 ml/kg
Which of the following is NOT a type of dead space?
Physiological dead space
What is the formula for minute ventilation?
$V = RR \times TV$
Which of the following conditions is NOT a cause of respiratory alkalosis?
Lung disease causing impaired gas exchange
What is the equation for pulmonary compliance?
$Pulmonary\ compliance = \frac{Volume},{Pressure}$
Which of the following is the correct equation for inspiratory capacity (IC)?
$IC = Tidal\ volume + Inspiratory\ reserve\ volume$
What does a V/Q ratio less than 1 indicate?
Intrapulmonary shunt
What is the equation for functional residual capacity (FRC)?
$FRC = Expiratory\ reserve\ volume + Residual\ volume$
Test your knowledge of Fick's Law and its relationship to gas diffusion across a permeable membrane. Assess your understanding of factors such as partial pressure gradient, membrane thickness, and surface area that influence the rate of gas diffusion. Explore the chemical features of gases and membranes that contribute to this process.
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