Fibromyalgia Overview and Treatment
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of acute osteomyelitis?

  • High blood pressure
  • Frequent urination
  • Constant bone pain (correct)
  • Weight gain

    • Chronic lower back pain is characterized by symptoms lasting less than three months.

    False

    What is the most common primary benign bone tumor?

    Osteochondroma

    The presence of _____ in blood can indicate an infection.

    <p>elevated WBC count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is used to assess bone abnormalities?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Treatment for osteomyelitis may include antibiotics and surgical intervention.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one systemic symptom of acute osteomyelitis.

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elevated _____ is a common diagnostic indicator of inflammation.

    <p>ESR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following diagnostic studies to their purpose:

    <p>Bone or soft tissue biopsy = Confirm diagnosis of infection or tumor Blood and wound cultures = Identify pathogens Radionucleotide bone scans = Detect bone metabolism abnormalities MRI and CT scans = Visualize soft tissue and bone structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication associated with untreated osteomyelitis?

    <p>Bone necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of acute lower back pain?

    <p>4 weeks or less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic lower back pain is defined as pain lasting for three months or longer.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of conditions can cause chronic lower back pain?

    <p>Degenerative conditions, osteoporosis, prior injury, obesity, congenital abnormalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acute lower back pain may develop within ________ hours after an injury.

    <p>24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the symptom with the type of lower back pain:

    <p>Muscle spasms = Acute lower back pain Limited flexibility = Chronic lower back pain Shooting pain = Acute lower back pain Recurrent episodes = Chronic lower back pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of acute lower back pain?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic lower back pain lasts for more than three months.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one common diagnostic assessment used for lower back pain.

    <p>MRI or X-ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main goal of pain management in patients with chronic lower back pain is to improve _____ and reduce pain.

    <p>function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following treatment options with their descriptions:

    <p>Physical Therapy = A method involving exercises to strengthen back muscles Medication = Includes NSAIDs and opioids to relieve pain Surgery = An option for severe cases not responsive to other treatments Acupuncture = A traditional practice using needles to alleviate pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following complications can arise from untreated chronic lower back pain?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pain assessment frameworks are only useful for diagnosing chronic pain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the criteria for classifying a patient as having Fibromyalgia?

    <p>Pain experienced in 11 of the 18 tender points and a history of widespread pain for at least 3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of a comprehensive nursing history in managing musculoskeletal conditions?

    <p>It helps to identify patient needs and tailor care plans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Long-acting opioids are generally recommended for the treatment of Fibromyalgia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polypharmacy in patients may lead to an increased risk of _____ effects.

    <p>adverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two medications that are used for the treatment of Fibromyalgia.

    <p>Pregabalin and amitriptyline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pain management technique is often used for short-term relief from acute lower back pain?

    <p>Hot/cold therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To manage pain in Fibromyalgia, patients may use ______ strategies including mindful meditation.

    <p>relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following treatments to their descriptions:

    <p>Pregabalin = Medication for nerve pain Amitriptyline = Low-dose tricyclic antidepressant Gentle stretching = Physical activity for relief Heat and cold packs = Pain management technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following dietary changes might be recommended for managing Fibromyalgia symptoms?

    <p>Reduce caffeine consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Widespread pain lasting less than 3 months can indicate Fibromyalgia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does patient motivation play in the treatment of Fibromyalgia?

    <p>It is essential for effective management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common triggering event for the onset of Fibromyalgia?

    <p>Emotional trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibromyalgia management is a one-size-fits-all approach.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two common symptoms of Fibromyalgia?

    <p>Widespread pain and fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___________________ system includes the brain and spinal cord and is involved in pain amplification in Fibromyalgia.

    <p>central nervous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following symptoms with their descriptions:

    <p>Widespread pain = Pain experienced throughout the body Fatigue = Persistent tiredness not relieved by rest Sleep disturbances = Difficulty in maintaining restful sleep Cognitive difficulties = Problems with concentration and memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Fibromyalgia?

    <p>High fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following management strategies is NOT typical for Fibromyalgia?

    <p>Overexertion during physical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dysfunctional interplay between the CNS and peripheral systems may result in body-wide symptoms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibromyalgia affects only adults and not children.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one condition frequently associated with Fibromyalgia.

    <p>Arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a type of intervention used in managing Fibromyalgia.

    <p>Lifestyle adjustments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Abnormal pain processing has been demonstrated in ______________ scans in patients with Fibromyalgia.

    <p>brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibromyalgia is diagnosed with a careful history, a physical examination, and a symptom __________.

    <p>questionnaire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Medicare care plans in Fibromyalgia management?

    <p>Monitoring outcomes and improving access to care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following symptoms of Fibromyalgia with their descriptions:

    <p>Fatigue = Persistent tiredness that affects daily activities Cognitive dysfunction = Difficulty with concentration and memory Musculoskeletal stiffness = Tightness or discomfort in muscles and joints Sleep disturbance = Poor quality or unrefreshing sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common management strategy for Fibromyalgia?

    <p>Physical therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibromyalgia is classified as an autoimmune condition.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are typical areas of the body affected by widespread pain in Fibromyalgia?

    <p>Above and below the waist, on both sides of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibromyalgia affects approximately __________ percent of the Australian population.

    <p>3-5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most commonly reported by individuals with Fibromyalgia?

    <p>Sleep disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fibromyalgia

    • Diagnosed when a patient experiences pain in 11 out of 18 tender points on palpation and has a history of widespread pain for at least 3 months.

    ### Treatment of Fibromyalgia

    • Symptomatic treatment
    • Requires high patient motivation
    • Rest can help with pain, tenderness, and aching
    • Medications include:
      • Pregabalin
      • Low-dose tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline)
      • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (sertraline)
      • Benzodiazepines (diazepam)
    • Long-acting opioids are generally not recommended
    • Paracetamol and ibuprofen are used instead
    • Non-opioids, such as Tramadol can also be used

    ### Nursing Management of Fibromyalgia

    • Massage
    • Application of alternating heat and cold packs
    • Gentle stretching
    • Dieticians can help patients reduce sugar, caffeine, and alcohol intake, as these substances can cause muscle irritation
    • Relaxation strategies, like mindful meditation

    Acute and Chronic Signs and Symptoms of Infections

    • Local Signs and Symptoms
      • Constant bone pain
      • Swelling
      • Tenderness
      • Warmth at the infection site
      • Restricted movement
    • Systemic Signs and Symptoms
      • Fever
      • Night sweats
      • Chills
      • Restlessness
      • Nausea
      • Malaise

    Diagnostic Studies for Infection

    • Bone or soft tissue biopsy
    • Blood and wound cultures
    • Elevated WBC count
    • Elevated ESR
    • Radionucleotide bone scans (gallium)
    • MRI and CT scans

    Treatment for Infections

    • Despite the severity of infection, widespread antibiotic use in conjunction with surgical treatment has significantly reduced mortality rates and complications associated with infection.

    Bone Tumours

    • Primary bone tumours (benign & malignant) are relatively rare in adults.
    • Metastatic bone cancer is more common.

    Osteochondroma

    • Most common primary benign bone tumor.
    • Characterized by overgrowth of cartilage and bone near the end of the bone at the growth plate.

    ### Lower Back Pain

    • One of the most common healthcare problems in Australia.
    • The most frequent activity-limiting complaint in young and middle-aged adults.
    • Disability from lower back pain has a significant economic burden on individuals and the community, and is a leading cause of disease burden in Australia.
    • Most often due to a musculoskeletal problem.
    • Pain may be localised or diffuse (pain spread over a larger area and from deep tissue layers).
    • Pain may also be classified as radicular or referred.

    ### Acute Lower Back Pain

    • Lower back pain that lasts for 4 weeks or less.
    • Usually caused by trauma or strenuous activity that causes stress on the lower back, such as:
      • Heavy lifting
      • Overuse of back muscles
      • Sports injury
    • Symptoms often do not occur at the time of injury but develop later, usually within 24 hours.

    ### Diagnostic Tests For Acute Lower Back Pain

    • Thorough physical examination (musculoskeletal).
    • MRI and CT scans are generally not done unless trauma or systemic disease (e.g., cancer) is suspected.

    ### Chronic Lower Back Pain

    • Lower back pain that lasts longer than 3 months or is a repeated incapacitating episode.
    • Causes include:
      • Degenerative conditions (arthritis, disc disease)
      • Osteoporosis or other metabolic bone diseases
      • Prior injury (scar tissue can weaken the back)
      • Chronic strain on the lower back muscles from obesity, pregnancy, or job-related repetitive injury.
      • Congenital abnormalities in the spine.

    What is Fibromyalgia?

    • Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition classified in the WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11).
    • It is a multisystem physical illness, typically with chronic widespread pain in muscles, ligaments, and/or tendons lasting at least 3 months.
    • Widespread pain involves at least 3 or 4 areas of the body, above and below the waist and on both sides of the body.
    • Fibromyalgia is associated with other symptoms such as sleep disturbance, fatigue, musculoskeletal stiffness, and cognitive dysfunction.
    • It can affect people of all age groups, but has a higher prevalence in females.
    • Fibromyalgia is often associated with conditions like Arthritis, Sjogrens, Lupus, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), and chronic headaches.
    • Estimates suggest that as many as 1 million Australians (3-5%) experience Fibromyalgia.

    What Causes Fibromyalgia?

    • Research suggests a wide range of factors may be involved including genetic components, brain inflammation, and the role of stress hormones like cortisol.
    • Studies are investigating neurochemical imbalances, biomarkers, and diagnostic tests.

    Fibromyalgia Diagnosis

    • Diagnosis involves a careful history, physical examination, and symptom questionnaire.
    • Tests are used to exclude other conditions and identify treatable symptoms.
    • Diagnostic tests are emerging at the research level.

    Fibromyalgia Management

    • Fibromyalgia management is individualized.
    • There is no single effective treatment or cure; however, the condition can be managed.
    • Management involves a combination of medical interventions and lifestyle adjustments like improving sleep, reducing pain and stress, pacing, and modified movement programs.
    • Medicare care plans help monitor outcomes, allow referrals, and provide access to multidisciplinary team care.

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    Related Documents

    Nursing Care B: Complex Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System PDF 2020
    Fibromyalgia Patient Leaflet 1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essentials of fibromyalgia, including diagnosis, treatment options, and nursing management strategies. Understand the role of medication, lifestyle modifications, and supportive therapies for managing this chronic pain condition.

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