Fiber Properties Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What affects the luster of a fiber?

Type of spinning process used

Surface smoothness and chemical orientation (correct)

Fiber color and weight

Moisture absorption levels

Which fiber type is likely to exhibit a shiny luster?

Cotton

Bast fibers

Silk (correct)

Wool

What is the primary purpose of conditioning textiles before testing?

To enhance color vibrancy

To reduce moisture absorption

To ensure consistent measurements (correct)

To increase fiber strength

What is the difference between absorption and adsorption in textiles?

Absorption refers to moisture within fibers, while adsorption relates to moisture on surfaces. Signup and view all the answers

Which property is primarily associated with the stretch or extension of a fiber?

Elongation Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of amorphous regions in a fiber affect its luster?

Decreases reflectivity and creates a duller appearance Signup and view all the answers

What is wicking in the context of fiber properties?

Ability to move moisture quickly along the fiber Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the attraction and retention of moisture within the pores of a fiber?

Absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating percent elongation of a material?

($extended length - original length) / original length * 100 Signup and view all the answers

Which property indicates the maximum temperature a fiber can withstand without damage?

Safe ironing temperature Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of protein fibers typically occurs when they are exposed to heat?

Burn rapidly with a charred flesh odor Signup and view all the answers

How does moisture absorption affect the electrical conductivity of fibers?

Conductivity increases with higher moisture absorption Signup and view all the answers

What two factors primarily influence abrasion resistance in fibers or fabrics?

Yarn and fabric construction, fiber properties Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fibers are generally good electrical conductors due to their hydrophilic nature?

Natural fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the burning characteristic of synthetic fibers when exposed to heat?

Melt and produce molten drops with an acrid odor Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the glass transition temperature (Tg) in fibers?

It represents the temperature where the fiber becomes pliable. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fiber Properties

Luster: The way a fiber reflects light from its surface depends on the smoothness or irregularity of its surface. Smooth surfaces reflect more light. Chemical orientation (amorphous vs. crystalline regions) influences luster. Crystalline regions reflect more light while amorphous regions reflect less. Bright/shiny fibers (silk, nylon) have more crystalline regions, while dull/matte fibers (cotton, wool) have more amorphous regions.
Color: Color varies by fiber type (wool, cotton, bast, man-made fibers). It affects the appearance of the final product.
Moisture Absorption: Textiles are conditioned in a standard atmosphere before testing. A consistent 65 ± 2% relative humidity is used in tests for reliable comparisons between laboratories. Moisture absorption includes adsorption (attracting and retaining moisture in the fiber's pores), and wicking (the ability of the fiber to move moisture quickly along its surface).
Elongation and Recovery: Elongation is the amount of stretch or extension a fiber, yarn, or fabric can accept. Percent elongation is the ratio of the extension to the original length ( ((extended length - original length)/original length) * 100).
Resiliency (or Wrinkle Recovery): The ability of a fiber to return to its original shape after bending or folding. Good resiliency is important in apparel and fabrics like polyester. Compressive resiliency (or loft) is the ability of a fiber to return to its original thickness after being crushed.
Thermal Properties: These properties are exhibited when a fiber is exposed to heat. The thermal properties of different fibers include melting points (T_m), the glass transition temperature (T_g) and the ability to withstand different ironing temperatures without damage. Different types of fibers react to heat/ fire in varied ways (protein, plant, synthetic).
Electrical Conductivity: The ability of a fiber to conduct electricity. Natural fibers are generally conductors (hydrophilic) and synthetics are generally poor conductors (hydrophobic). Metal/carbon fibers are good conductors. Conductivity increases with higher moisture absorption; this characteristic is important for static control.
Abrasion Resistance: The ability of a fiber/yarn/fabric to withstand surface wear, rubbing, or chafing during use. Yarn and fabric construction, fiber properties, and finishing techniques can influence abrasion resistance. Testing methods include flex abrasion and flat abrasion.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the properties of different fibers including luster, color, moisture absorption, and elongation. Understand how these characteristics influence textile performance and appearance in various applications. Perfect for students and enthusiasts of textile technology.