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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of literary criticism?
What is the primary goal of literary criticism?
How does criticism differ from literary analysis?
How does criticism differ from literary analysis?
Which statement describes the viewpoint of a literary critic?
Which statement describes the viewpoint of a literary critic?
What is an essential trait of a literary critic?
What is an essential trait of a literary critic?
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What does it mean when a critic has a 'negative' viewpoint?
What does it mean when a critic has a 'negative' viewpoint?
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What is necessary for a comprehensive understanding when analyzing a literary piece?
What is necessary for a comprehensive understanding when analyzing a literary piece?
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Which type of writing is characterized by the lack of syllable matching in sentences?
Which type of writing is characterized by the lack of syllable matching in sentences?
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What does seeking a 'positive' outcome in analysis typically involve?
What does seeking a 'positive' outcome in analysis typically involve?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a literary critique?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a literary critique?
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What type of literature involves the storytelling of the origin of things in the world?
What type of literature involves the storytelling of the origin of things in the world?
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Which type of writing is often based on true events and can include diaries and autobiographies?
Which type of writing is often based on true events and can include diaries and autobiographies?
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What defines a parable compared to a fable?
What defines a parable compared to a fable?
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What is the main characteristic of a novella?
What is the main characteristic of a novella?
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Which type of writing features characters that are often animals or inanimate objects?
Which type of writing features characters that are often animals or inanimate objects?
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Which literary form is primarily considered a short narrative with a single impactful impression?
Which literary form is primarily considered a short narrative with a single impactful impression?
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What is the primary function of an anecdote?
What is the primary function of an anecdote?
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What essential function does the thesis statement serve in a literary analysis?
What essential function does the thesis statement serve in a literary analysis?
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Which part of a literary analysis contains supporting explanations and evidence from the text?
Which part of a literary analysis contains supporting explanations and evidence from the text?
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According to the definitions provided, what is a primary characteristic of literature?
According to the definitions provided, what is a primary characteristic of literature?
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What are the components included in the structure of a literary analysis?
What are the components included in the structure of a literary analysis?
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What does the term 'panitikan' refer to in the context provided?
What does the term 'panitikan' refer to in the context provided?
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Which of the following best describes 'kathang-isip' as mentioned in the content?
Which of the following best describes 'kathang-isip' as mentioned in the content?
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How does literature reflect societal issues and human emotions?
How does literature reflect societal issues and human emotions?
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What role does a conclusion play in a literary analysis?
What role does a conclusion play in a literary analysis?
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What is a key characteristic of literary analysis according to the guidelines?
What is a key characteristic of literary analysis according to the guidelines?
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What does the literary theory of Humanism emphasize in its study and analysis?
What does the literary theory of Humanism emphasize in its study and analysis?
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In literary analysis, which principle highlights the importance of organization and structure?
In literary analysis, which principle highlights the importance of organization and structure?
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Which element should not predominately influence a poem's analysis?
Which element should not predominately influence a poem's analysis?
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What does the realism theory advocate regarding the presentation of subjects in literature?
What does the realism theory advocate regarding the presentation of subjects in literature?
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Which literary theory is primarily concerned with the empowerment and capability of female characters?
Which literary theory is primarily concerned with the empowerment and capability of female characters?
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Which aspect is considered less significant for assessing a poet's capability according to the principles provided?
Which aspect is considered less significant for assessing a poet's capability according to the principles provided?
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What characteristic is emphasized in literary works from the classical perspective?
What characteristic is emphasized in literary works from the classical perspective?
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What is the primary focus of formalism in literary analysis?
What is the primary focus of formalism in literary analysis?
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Which literary theory involves examining the oppression faced by characters in a story?
Which literary theory involves examining the oppression faced by characters in a story?
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In existentialism, what is valued above other aspects in literary analysis?
In existentialism, what is valued above other aspects in literary analysis?
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What does the deconstruction theory in literature allow a writer to do?
What does the deconstruction theory in literature allow a writer to do?
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Which of the following aspects is emphasized in Romanticism?
Which of the following aspects is emphasized in Romanticism?
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What concept does Marxism in literature investigate?
What concept does Marxism in literature investigate?
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Historical theory primarily addresses which aspect of literary works?
Historical theory primarily addresses which aspect of literary works?
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In the context of the literary theory discussed, what does the term 'salamin' refer to?
In the context of the literary theory discussed, what does the term 'salamin' refer to?
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Study Notes
Literary Criticism
- Literary criticism is a deep analysis, discussion, explanation, and dissection of literary works through the application of various critical approaches for a better understanding of creative writers and writings.
- In the analysis, a thorough knowledge of the work being examined is required, such as the entire content of the work, the way it is built, and the methods or styles used by the author.
- The critic must have an opinion based on an objective perspective, whether against or in favor of the work, so it is important that they be honest. A deep dissection of literary works through the application of different critical approaches for a better understanding of creative writers and works.
Difference Between Criticism and Critique
- Criticism: Focuses on finding faults and shortcomings.
- Critique: Seeks to explore the structure and potential of the work.
- Criticism: Highlights what is missing or lacking.
- Critique: Identifies what's possible and worthy of exploration.
- Criticism: Offers judgment without seeking clarification.
- Critique: Asks questions for better understanding and enlightenment.
- Criticism: Expresses opinions in a harsh and accusatory tone.
- Critique: Presents insights with honesty, respect, and objectivity.
- Criticism: Tends to be negative.
- Critique: Is generally positive.
- Criticism: Focuses on flaws in the writer and the work.
- Critique: Strictly examines the content presented within the work itself.
Qualities of a Literary Critic
- A critic is honest with themselves.
- A critic views the analysis of literary works as an art form.
- A literary critic acknowledges their role as an evaluator of the work, not society, writers, readers, or ideologies.
- They remain open to the constant evolution of literature.
- Critics respect the decisions of other critics, drawing upon various disciplines like linguistics, history, and psychology.
- Literary critics are honest and recognize the work as a product of an established process of development, based on principles and rules.
Parts of a Literary Critique
- Title: It consists of the title of the work being analyzed and the author's name, indicating the subject of the critique.
- Introduction: This provides relevant information about the essay and offers a captivating opening paragraph with a well-defined thesis statement.
- Thesis Statement: This is usually included in the introduction and informs the reader about what to expect. It indicates the purpose of the essay and the main point to be conveyed.
- Body: It presents an explanation of the ideas and evidence from the text, supporting the thesis.
- Conclusion: This summarizes the primary points discussed, offering insightful comments about the analyzed text.
What is Literature?
- Literature is a reflection of life, it conveys thoughts, feelings, experiences, aspirations, and the spirit of people.
Different Types of Literature
- Fiction: Writers create works based solely on their imagination. These include short stories, novels, etc.
- Non-Fiction: These writings are based on real-life events such as biographies, autobiographies, diaries, essays, and historical accounts.
Forms of Literature
- Prose: It uses words in sentences without the need for rhyme or counting syllables to achieve a harmonious sound at the end of lines.
- Poetry: This form involves the construction of sentences using words with a measured number of syllables per line, often with rhyme schemes, and uses language with a focus on meter and rhythm.
Examples of Prose Works
- Legend: A type of literature that narrates the origins of things in the world. They typically tell stories about real people and places and are rooted in history, often connected to myths and folk tales.
- Anecdote: This is prose that discusses a peculiar or unusual event in a notable person's life. It can be categorized into two types: humorous, or based on real life. Anecdotes offer explanations for people's actions.
- Novel or Novel of Life: A long fictional narrative presented in chapters. It contains 60,000-200,000 words, equivalent to 300-1,300 pages.
- Fable: A fictional story with animals or inanimate objects acting as characters, like the lion and the mouse, the tortoise and the hare, or the wolf and the goat. Fables convey a specific message and offer moral lessons for young readers. They are considered educational stories.
- Parable: A short narrative, either in poetry or prose, that often provides advice or a moral lesson regarding a specific event. It usually depicts a moral or religious teaching. Fables differ from parables by not including animals, plants, objects, or natural forces as characters that act and speak like humans.
- Short Story: A concise narrative focused on a significant event involving one or multiple characters, leaving a single lasting impression. It is a refined form of literature.
Principles of Literary Criticism
- Intelligent, Serious, and Passionate: The analysis of a work needs to demonstrate intelligence, seriousness, and passion.
- Organization: Any critique must possess a well-structured framework.
- Substance, Language, and Organization: The critique should have a compelling topic, clean language, and an organized presentation.
- Poetry: Personal interpretation in poetry analysis should not dominate. The essence of poetic art should be reflected in the depth of emotions and broad scope of vision.
- Topic Choice: Choosing a subject to write about is not the primary measure of a poet's ability.
- Modern Relevance, Unity, Powerful Language, and Theoretical Grounding: The work critiqued should be relevant to the current times, have a strong sense of unity, employ language effectively, and demonstrate a deep understanding of literary theory.
- Careful Interrelation of Analytical Elements: The analysis of a work should exhibit a skillful connection between the various components of the assessment.
Literary Theory
- Literary theory is the systematic study of literature and the methods for its analysis.
Types of Literary Theories
- Classicism: It refers to the writings of great authors. Examples include MARS CITY, FUSE BOX, and POSPORO.
- Humanism: When analyzing a work through the lens of Humanism, it believes that humans are the measure of all things. It emphasizes granting individuals the freedom to express their thoughts and make decisions. Humanists believe that educated individuals are civilized because recognizing culture is crucial. Humanism is focused on human beings, using the idea of what people consider valuable.
- Imagism: It emphasizes clarity through visual imagery, precise description, and giving form to ideas.
- Realism: Realist theory advocates for truth over beauty. Realists believe that all people, things, and communities should be depicted authentically. It typically focuses on sociopolitical issues like freedom and justice for marginalized groups.
- Feminism: Feminism focuses on the strength and capabilities of female characters in a story or work.
- Archetypal: Archetypal theory aims to reveal key aspects of the work using symbols. Interpreting symbolism in a work requires careful consideration.
- Formalism: This theory is centered on understanding the form of the work, considering the physical characteristics as the core concept. It aims to identify the content, form, structure, and writing style of the work.
- Sociological: The sociological theory explores the oppression experienced by characters in a story. The work reflects actual occurrences within society. For instance, in the story "TATA SELO" by Rogelio Sikat, it portrays the reality of social inequality, the oppression of the disadvantaged, and the perception of them as a lower class.
- Existentialism: This theory seeks evidence of the importance of an individual's personality and values the power of personal choice over rationality.
- Deconstruction: This literary theory allows for reimagining the ending and adding characters, but it prohibits removing characters who have been killed in the original work.
- Romanticism: This literary theory, stemming from Europe in the second half of the 18th century, stands in contrast to Classicism by prioritizing emotion and imagination. Romanticism highlights appreciation for nature, a love for one's homeland, belief in inherent human goodness, pursuit of spirituality over material possessions, valuing dignity over extravagance and superficial pleasures, and a willingness to love someone exhibiting admirable traits, inspiration, and beauty.
- Marxism: This theory analyzes works based on the situations of the characters and the social constructs within the piece. It analyzes the interplay between the weak and the powerful, the intelligent and the ignorant, the cowardly and the brave, the poor and the wealthy. It explores the concepts of heroes and villains, with heroes facing challenges and villains being the source of those challenges. This theory emphasizes how a downtrodden character will not succumb but will fight back and overthrow the oppressive force.
- Historical: This theory delves into the origin and development of the language used in literary works.
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