ACT 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the likely consequence of damage to the Golgi apparatus in cells?

  • Protein products will not be secreted from the damaged cells. (correct)
  • Translation will be limited within cytoplasmic vesicles of the damaged cells.
  • Protein products will be modified for use inside the damaged cells.
  • Transcription will be limited to cytoplasmic vesicles of the damaged cells.

    • Which property of water is responsible for its interaction in xylem vessels of plants?

  • High heat of vaporization
  • Adhesion
  • Cohesion (correct)
  • High heat capacity

    • What is released during a dehydration reaction?

  • CO2
  • C6H6O6
  • H2O (correct)
  • CH4

    • Which structures in plastids are formed of stacked membranous disks?

    <p>Grana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an enzyme cofactor?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does glycolysis occur within a cell?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland functions as both an exocrine and an endocrine gland?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a nitrogen atom changes to N+?

    <p>Lost an electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelle is considered to support the theory of endosymbiosis due to having its own genetic material?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood cell is involved in the immune response?

    <p>White blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific definition of biological evolution?

    <p>The change in inherited traits over successive generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of nondisjunction in homologous chromosomes?

    <p>Half of the cells will have an extra chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is least likely to be impacted by a mutation in DNA?

    <p>Chosen anticodon of the tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the circulatory system of mammals?

    <p>Mammals have a closed circulatory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs when ATP is utilized?

    <p>The bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate is broken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of exchange occurs in both stomata and alveoli?

    <p>Gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most probable relationship between lions and hyenas that share the same habitat and both feed on buffalo?

    <p>Lions and hyenas will compete on the buffalo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conclusion about energy transfer at different trophic levels is correct?

    <p>Both students have correct conclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor being tested in the scientist's experiment with artificial flowers and honeybees?

    <p>The color of the flower affects the landing of the bees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the student's data, what conclusion can be drawn regarding the hypothesis that yeast cells would stop dividing after 10 hours?

    <p>No, the cell density increased after 10 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct composition of protons, electrons, and neutrons in Carbon-13?

    <p>6 protons, 6 electrons, 7 neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most viable explanation for the presence of the RNA polymerase gene in all living species?

    <p>The common ancestor of all organisms had RNA polymerase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristics are essential for classifying plants?

    <p>Cell wall, flowers, and seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes bacteria from viruses?

    <p>Viruses are acellular, but bacteria are not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic differentiates cilia from flagella?

    <p>Cilia are shorter and greater in number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would most likely happen if a flower's color had no effect on bee attraction?

    <p>Honeybees would show no preference for any flower color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option accurately describes the relationship between the fins of sharks and dolphins?

    <p>Evidence of convergent evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cilia and flagella is true?

    <p>Cilia move in a waving motion while flagella move in a whip-like motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding offspring produced by mutations is most accurate?

    <p>Mutations can occur naturally and lead to variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between hawks, snakes, and frogs?

    <p>Predation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes an animal cell placed in distilled water to lyse?

    <p>Water flow into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of meiosis are the centromeres split and chromatids separated?

    <p>Anaphase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of white blood cells?

    <p>Fight infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which particle is neutral and located in the nucleus of an atom?

    <p>Neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit is used to measure the weight of small organisms?

    <p>Gram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can light-independent reactions not occur in darkness?

    <p>It depends on NADPH and ATP produced by light reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do two organisms that share the same habitat and food not compete?

    <p>Ecological niche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis occur?

    <p>Stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dependent variable in the experiment measuring the effect of fretwork on plant growth?

    <p>Height of plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element acts as the final electron acceptor during aerobic respiration?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence for human circulation?

    <p>Heart—Artery—Lungs—Vein—Heart—Body Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue contains the highest number of mitochondria?

    <p>Muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is found in all viruses?

    <p>Protein coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the plant hormone responsible for fruit ripening?

    <p>Ethylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from the misuse of antibiotics?

    <p>An increase in the frequency of antibiotic resistance alleles in bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    ACT Real Biology (1) - Study Notes

    • Question 1: Rabbit and fox compete for the same food.

    • Question 2: DNA replication is semi-conservative, meaning each new DNA molecule comprises one original strand and one newly formed strand.

    • Question 3: The mass of DNA in a gamete is half the mass of DNA in a mother cell.

    • Question 4: Gametes have half the number of chromosomes compared to the mother cell.

    • Question 5: Scientists found fossils of an animal in different continents that were once joined.

    • Question 6: The average height of plants is 20 meters.

    • Question 7: Two alleles are expressed by codominant inheritance.

    • Question 8: Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division resulting in four haploid cells.

    • Question 9: Ribosomes synthesize proteins, Golgi bodies package proteins, centrioles are involved in genetic information, and mitochondria are responsible for energy production.

    • Question 10: Chloroplasts store plant toxins.

    • Question 11: Secondary succession is the process of ecological development on previously disturbed land.

    • Question 12: Cells in an organism can have identical genes but with different genes being expressed creating structurally and functionally different cells.

    • Question 13: Half of the sons will inherit the disease.

    • Question 14: Vascular structures called phloem and xylem transport sugars and other organic compounds through plants.

    • Question 15: Disruptive selection is when individuals with extreme traits have a higher survival rate than individuals with intermediate traits.

    • Question 16: Fitness is the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce.

    • Question 17: Genes located on different non-homologous chromosomes are more likely to assort independently during meiosis.

    • Question 18: Less variation in population results in less chance of survival.

    • Question 19: Plants and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms. The presence or absence of a nucleus, chlorophyll, or cell walls can distinguish between the two.

    • Question 20: The space between neurons is called a synapse.

    • Question 21: Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen, while inorganic compounds do not always contain these elements.

    • Question 22: Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient requiring energy.

    • Question 23: Predation is the relationship shown in the hawk, snake, and frog example, where one organism consumes another.

    • Question 24: Water flows into the cell in distilled water resulting in cell lysis.

    • Question 25: The centromere splits and chromatids separate during Anaphase II of meiosis.

    • Question 26: White blood cells are part of the immune system combating infection and detoxifying the blood.

    • Question 27: Neutrons are neutral subatomic particles found inside the nucleus of atoms.

    • Question 28: Grams are used to measure the weight of small organisms.

    • Question 29: Light-dependent reactions are necessary for light-independent reactions in photosynthesis. The reactions depend on NADPH and ATP from light reactions.

    • Question 30: Organisms compete when they share similar ecological niches.

    • Question 31: Communities are groups of different species interacting in a specific environment.

    • Question 32: Carotene strongly absorbs blue-green light but not yellow-orange light.

    • Question 33: Active site binding leads to more effective enzymatic activity.

    • Question 34: Cilia are short microtubules and abundant in paramecium.

    • Question 35: Messenger RNA plays a role in translation, not transcription.

    • Question 36: Lipids are found in the cell membrane.

    • Question 37: A control sample in this type of experiment should have no auxin.

    • Question 38: Arthropods (insects) are characterized by their segmented bodies, jointed appendages, and exoskeleton.

    • Question 39: To measure respiration rates of fungi at different temperatures, place these in freshwater at 15° C.

    • Question 40: Hydrogen bonds form between the nitrogenous bases in DNA.

    • Question 41: Plant cells have cell walls, while animal cells do not.

    • Question 42: Rain has a pH of around 5, while other substances have different pH values.

    • Question 43: DNA contains equal amounts of adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

    • Question 44: Placing a red blood cell in distilled water causes lysis as water moves into the cell, causing it to swell and burst.

    • Question 45: Starch is a polysaccharide, not a lipid.

    • Question 46: The product of transcription is mRNA (messenger RNA), not DNA or a polypeptide.

    • Question 47: Meiosis results in four genetically different cells, not identical ones.

    • Question 48: The diploid number of chromosomes in an organism (30) reduces to half (15) in gametes during meiosis, resulting in four haploid cells.

    • Question 49: Enzymes are reusable and involved in reactions, not consumed. They are complex protein compounds.

    • Question 50: The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.

    • Question 51: The dependent variable is the height of the plants.

    • Question 52: Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.

    • Question 53: The correct sequence for human circulation is heart-artery-lungs-vein-body.

    • Question 54: Nervous tissue has the highest number of mitochondria.

    • Question 55: Viruses have a protein coat, while other structures are not characteristic of viruses.

    • Question 56: The plant hormone responsible for fruit ripening is ethylene.

    • Question 57: Misuse of antibiotics leads to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by transferring genetic material (improper transfer).

    • Question 58: All living organisms inherit traits via a universal genetic code.

    • Question 59: Damage to the Golgi apparatus disrupts protein secretion and trafficking, as the Golgi is essential for processing and packaging proteins before they're transported to their final destinations.

    • Question 60: Cohesion is the property of water molecules attracting each other enabling water movement in plants. This allows water to move up xylem in the plants.

    • Question 61: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during cellular respiration.

    • Question 62: Grana are membranous structures found in chloroplasts.

    • Question 63: Iron is a cofactor for some enzymes.

    • Question 64: Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.

    • Question 65: An exocrine and endocrine gland is the pancreas.

    • Question 66: Accessory organs aid digestion. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and hormones.

    • Question 67: When an atom loses an electron, it becomes positively charged (anion).

    • Question 68: Flagella are used for propulsion.

    • Question 69: The equation for aerobic respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP.

    • Question 70: Cardiac muscle is involuntary.

    • Question 71: Epithelial cells cover body surfaces and cavities.

    • Question 72: Organic molecules like glucose (C6H12O6) contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

    • Question 73: Transformation is a process where bacteria take up foreign DNA (often from another cell or environment) enabling genetic alterations in bacteria.

    • Question 74: Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

    • Question 75: DNA replication is semi-conservative, meaning each new DNA molecule consists of one parental strand together with one newly synthesized strand.

    • Question 76: Peptide bonds link amino acids.

    • Question 77: Protons and neutrons are both found within the nucleus.

    • Question 78: Non-disjunction alters chromosome number leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes in subsequent cells.

    • Question 79: Apoptosis is programmed cell death a sort of cell suicide, a natural process, preventing the spread of diseases.

    • Question 80: Light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis depend on the products of light-independent reactions.

    • Question 81: Lipids are common to both mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum membranes.

    • Question 82: Endosymbiotic theory explains the origin of some organelles from bacteria that fused with other cells. They have their own DNA.

    • Question 83: Phagocytes and lymphocytes are types of white blood cells.

    • Question 84: Evolution is the change in the inherited traits of a population over successive generations.

    • Question 85: A nondisjunction event in a homologous chromosome pair in a cell can result in some cells having an extra chromosome or fewer chromosomes.

    • Question 86: Mutations in the DNA do not always alter the protein-coding sequence which will lead to the most significant change in protein structure and function.

    • Question 87: Mammals reproduce via internal fertilization.

    • Question 88: During ATP utilization, the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken, releasing energy.

    • Question 89: Stomata (plants) and alveoli (lungs) have a shared function of gas exchange.

    • Question 90: Shared electrons form covalent bonds.

    • Question 91: Lions and hyenas can compete for prey.

    • Question 92: Energy is transferred to each consecutive trophic level resulting in an eventual loss of energy. Students may consider respiration losses in trophic levels too.

    • Question 93: Carbon-13 has six protons, six electrons, and seven neutrons.

    • Question 94: I, II and III are all characteristics that assist in determining plant type.

    • Question 95: Bacteria have cell walls and DNA, while viruses do not possess these characteristics.

    • Question 96: Convergent evolution produces similar structures in different species.

    • Question 97: Cilia are typically shorter and more numerous than flagella.

    • Question 98: Scientist asked if flower colour or shape affected bees' activity or pollination choice/behaviour.

    • Question 99: Cell density increased and growth rate was not constant during the 10hr phase.

    • Question 100: The RNA polymerase gene remains similar due to the common evolutionary ancestry of organisms and because of less mutation, though there are subtle differences among organisms in RNA polymerase sequence.

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