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Questions and Answers

What is differentiated instruction?

Provision of an individualized array of instructional interventions.

What does the ADAPT Framework provide?

Steps used to differentiate instruction and questions to assist teachers in making instructional and evaluation decisions.

What is core curriculum?

Content that is taught to all students in the general education classroom.

What are instructional activities?

<p>Lessons that teach and reinforce skills and concepts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is instructional content?

<p>The skills and concepts that are taught.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does instructional delivery refer to?

<p>How an activity is taught, including grouping, instructional steps, presentation, and practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are instructional materials?

<p>Instructional aids such as textbooks, kits, hardware, software, and manipulatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cognitive strategy instruction (CSI)?

<p>A method of teaching techniques, principles, or rules that lead students through an instructional activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is explicit instruction?

<p>Teachers model the task and provide extensive feedback as students practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is verbal rehearsal?

<p>The use of a student repeatedly practicing aloud to learn information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are concepts?

<p>General ideas or understandings vital for grasping the material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an acronym?

<p>A memory aid that consists of a word made from the first letters of the words that convey information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an acrostic?

<p>A memory aid consisting of a sentence where the first letters of the words stand for items to be recalled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advance organizer?

<p>Activities to prepare students for the lesson's content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an instructional objective?

<p>A statement of what students should be able to do following instruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is wait time?

<p>The amount of time between when the student is asked a question and when the teacher responds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is level of concern?

<p>The amount of student interest in the instruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is guided practice?

<p>A teacher's provision of multiple opportunities for students to respond and practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is distributed practice?

<p>Practice opportunities presented over time on skills that have been taught.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cumulative practice?

<p>Students practice skills that have been learned to that point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is check for understanding (CFU)?

<p>Periodic determination during a lesson of whether students are learning the content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are error-correction procedures?

<p>The teacher's provision of immediate feedback to correct error responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is scaffolding?

<p>Providing temporary instructional supports to help struggling students learn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is active participation?

<p>A form of learning in which teachers strive to directly involve students in the learning process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is engaged time?

<p>The amount of time that students are involved in learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is academic learning time (ALT)?

<p>The amount of time students spend on an academic task that they perform with a high degree of success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is independent practice?

<p>Practice that does not require direct teacher supervision or guidance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are convergent, lower-order questions?

<p>Questions that usually have one answer and start with who, what, where, or when.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are divergent, higher-order questions?

<p>Questions that require students to make inferences, analyze information, and evaluate content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are same-ability groups?

<p>Homogeneous groups of students who have similar skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mixed-ability grouping structure?

<p>Arrangement of students into groups performing at various levels on targeted skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is peer tutoring?

<p>A grouping practice wherein pairs of students work on their skills, usually for extra practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cooperative learning?

<p>A grouping practice in which small, mixed-ability groups work collaboratively to complete activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is on-task behavior?

<p>Behavior focused on the task at hand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the ADAPT Framework steps?

<p>Ask, Determine, Analyze, Propose, Test.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four instructional categories?

<p>Content, materials, delivery, activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the combined model for designing and delivering instruction practices?

<p>Sequencing, drill-repetition-practice, segmentation, directed questioning and responses, control of task difficulty, technology, teacher-modeled problem solving, small group instruction, strategy cues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of knowledge?

<p>Discrimination, factual knowledge, procedural knowledge, conceptual knowledge, metacognitive knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is discrimination in the context of knowledge?

<p>The ability to distinguish one item from another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is factual knowledge?

<p>The ability to memorize, retain, and recall information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is procedural knowledge?

<p>The ability to learn a set of steps that must be followed to complete a task.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is conceptual knowledge?

<p>Knowledge about principles, models, and classifications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is metacognitive knowledge?

<p>Knowledge about how people learn and process information or tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are instructional techniques that promote meaningful associations of knowledge?

<p>Clustering, elaboration, mnemonic devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is clustering?

<p>Categorizing information in a meaningful way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is elaboration?

<p>Adding more details to facts to aid in memorization, retention, and recall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are mnemonic devices?

<p>Techniques for aiding memory by forming meaningful associations and linkages across information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps in concept analysis?

<ol> <li>Identification of critical concepts, 2. Definitions of the concepts, 3. List of attributes or characteristics, 4. List of noncritical attributes, 5. List of examples, 6. List of nonexamples, 7. List of related concepts.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are check for understanding techniques?

<ol> <li>Present information and ask students to signal understanding, 2. Use response cards for students to indicate answers, 3. Students show responses using materials like manipulatives in math, 4. Students write responses for checking, 5. Students write responses on whiteboards.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are the instructional grouping types?

<p>Whole group, flexible small groups, same-ability groups, mixed-ability groups, one-to-one groups, peer tutoring, cooperative learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the summary of Chapter 7?

<p>Access to general education curriculum is essential for all students. Differentiated instruction meets the needs of all, including those with special needs. The ADAPT Framework aids in this differentiation, and effective instructional practices focus on individualized learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Concepts in Teaching Students with Special Needs

  • Differentiated Instruction: Individualized instructional interventions tailored to meet diverse learner needs.
  • ADAPT Framework: A structured approach for teachers to differentiate instruction, consisting of questions guiding instructional and evaluation decisions.
  • Core Curriculum: Essential content delivered to all students in general education classrooms.
  • Instructional Activities: Lessons designed to teach and reinforce specific skills and concepts, part of the ADAPT Framework's instructional adaptations.
  • Instructional Content: The skills and concepts taught during lessons, as per the ADAPT Framework.
  • Instructional Delivery: Techniques for teaching activities including grouping, steps, and presentation methods outlined in the ADAPT Framework.
  • Instructional Materials: Resources such as textbooks, software, and manipulatives that support learning and instruction.

Teaching Strategies and Techniques

  • Cognitive Strategy Instruction (CSI): Teaching methods that guide students through learning activities with possible mnemonic aids.
  • Explicit Instruction: Teachers demonstrate tasks and provide substantial feedback during practice.
  • Verbal Rehearsal: Students practice aloud or silently using language to enhance learning retention.
  • Concepts: General ideas vital for comprehending content, often encapsulated in key terms.
  • Memory Aids:
    • Acronym: A word formed from initial letters of a series to facilitate memory.
    • Acrostic: A sentence where the first letters represent items for recall and their sequence.

Planning and Assessing Learning

  • Advance Organizer: Activities aimed at preparing students for upcoming lesson content.
  • Instructional Objectives: Clear statements detailing what students should achieve post-instruction.
  • Wait Time: 3-4 seconds pause for student response before teacher intervention.
  • Level of Concern: Gauge of student interest in instructional content.
  • Guided Practice: Provides chances for students to respond and engage in learning actively.
  • Distributed Practice: Opportunities to practice skills over time, enhancing retention.

Engagement and Feedback

  • Check for Understanding (CFU): Periodic assessments during lessons to ensure learning is taking place.
  • Error-Correction Procedures: Teachers give immediate feedback to rectify student mistakes.
  • Scaffolding: Temporary support mechanisms provided to assist struggling learners.

Classroom Dynamics

  • Active Participation: Strategies that integrate students into the learning process effectively.
  • Engaged Time: Duration students spend actively involved in their learning.
  • Academic Learning Time (ALT): Time spent on academic tasks with a high success rate.
  • Independent Practice: Learning activities without direct teacher guidance, intended for skill reinforcement.

Questioning and Grouping Practices

  • Convergent vs. Divergent Questions:

    • Convergent: Typically have one correct answer (who, what, where, when).
    • Divergent: Require analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of information.
  • Grouping Structures:

    • Same-Ability Groups: Homogeneous organization based on skill levels.
    • Mixed-Ability Grouping: Diverse groups with varying skill levels.
    • Peer Tutoring: Pairs of students collaboratively working on skills.
    • Cooperative Learning: Collaborative groups tasked with joint activities to foster learning.

Instructional Practices and Knowledge Types

  • Instructional Categories: Includes content, materials, delivery, and activity adaptations.
  • Combined Model for Instruction: Integration of various instructional practices including sequencing and small group instruction.
  • Types of Knowledge:
    • Discrimination: Distinguishing between items.
    • Factual Knowledge: Retaining and recalling information.
    • Procedural Knowledge: Learning to perform task steps.
    • Conceptual Knowledge: Understanding principles and classifications.
    • Metacognitive Knowledge: Awareness of personal learning processes.

Techniques to Enhance Retention

  • Clustering: Organizing information in meaningful categories.
  • Elaboration: Adding details to support memorization and understanding.
  • Mnemonic Devices: Strategies to aid memory by creating associations.

Concept Analysis and Understanding Techniques

  • Concept Analysis Steps:

    • Identification and definition of critical concepts.
    • Listing attributes, examples, and nonexamples of concepts.
  • Check for Understanding Techniques: Various methods to gauge student comprehension, including response cards and immediate feedback.

Summary of Inclusive Teaching Practices

  • Access to general education curriculum is crucial for all students.
  • Differentiated instruction benefits all learners, especially those with special needs.
  • The ADAPT Framework assists in creating tailored instructional strategies.
  • Special education professionals play a key role in integrating students with disabilities into mainstream education.
  • Effective practices revolve around instructional adaptations focusing on individual learner needs.
  • Grouping methods such as cooperative learning enhance peer-to-peer learning opportunities.

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