Questions and Answers
How is the age of the fetal pig determined?
Length
From where is the length of the fetal pig taken?
The length is taken from the tip of the snout to the base of the tail following the natural curvature of the spine.
How many centimeters is a full-term fetal pig?
30.0 cm or longer
What does the term 'anterior' mean?
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What does the term 'posterior' mean?
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What does the term 'dorsal' mean?
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What does the term 'ventral' mean?
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What does the term 'lateral' mean?
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What does the term 'medial' mean?
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What does the term 'proximal' mean?
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What does the term 'distal' mean?
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What does 'transverse' refer to?
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What is the definition of 'sagittal'?
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What does 'frontal' mean in anatomical terms?
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What does the term 'quadruped' mean?
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What is digitigrade locomotion?
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What is the structure and function of the snout?
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What are external nares?
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What is the function of the pinnae?
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What is the structure and function of the eyes?
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What is the function of the umbilical cord?
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What is the structure of the anus?
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What is periderm?
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What are the sensory organs located on the head and in the mouth?
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What are the two parts of the roof of the mouth called?
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Where does the digestive tract start and end?
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What is the purpose of saliva?
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How do fetal pigs receive nourishment from their mother?
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What are the two valves in the stomach of the fetal pig?
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How many lobes are there to the pig's liver?
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What are the names of the lobes of the liver on the pig?
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What is the function of the gallbladder?
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What is the function of the pancreas?
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How many ducts are there in the biliary tree?
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What are the ducts that make up the biliary tree?
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What is the function of the visceral peritoneum?
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What is the structure of the fundus?
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What are the names of the sections of the small intestine in order?
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What is the function of the ileocecal valve?
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What are the parts of the large intestine in fetal pigs and their functions?
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Name 4 accessory organs of the digestive system.
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How does the location of the adrenal gland in pigs differ from humans?
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What are the three major tubular structures that pass through the diaphragm from the thoracic to the abdominal cavity?
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What is meconium and where is it located?
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Study Notes
Fetal Pig Dissection: Key Concepts
- The age of a fetal pig is determined by measuring its length from the tip of the snout to the base of the tail, adhering to the spine's natural curvature.
- A full-term fetal pig typically measures 30.0 cm or longer.
- Directional terms:
- Anterior (Cranial): Toward the head
- Posterior (Caudal): Toward the tail
- Dorsal (Superior): Toward the backbone
- Ventral (Inferior): Toward the belly
- Lateral: Toward the side
- Medial: Toward the midline
- Proximal: Near the point of reference
- Distal: Further from the point of reference
- Planes of section:
- Transverse: Perpendicular to the body’s long axis
- Sagittal: Divides body into right and left sides
- Frontal (Coronal): Divides into dorsal and ventral parts
- The fetal pig is classified as a quadruped (four-legged) with digitigrade locomotion (walking on toes).
Anatomy and Functions of Key Structures
- The snout has a blunt tip made of cartilage, enabling the pig to dig and lift.
- External nares are nostrils found in the cartilage of the snout, connecting to the nasal cavity for warming, filtering, and humidifying air.
- Pinnae (ears) are made of cartilage, housing the external auditory canal leading to the eardrum.
- The eyes possess upper and lower eyelids along with a nictitating membrane for protection and visibility.
- The umbilical cord connects the pig to the placenta, facilitating nutrient and waste transfer.
- The anus is the exit point for the digestive tract, located ventral to the tail's base.
- The periderm is a thin protective covering over the fetal pig's body.
Development and Reproductive Structures
- Female fetal pigs have a urogenital papilla situated ventral to the anus, with an external genital opening.
- Male fetal pigs have a scrotum containing testes, with a urogenital opening posterior to the umbilical cord.
- Mammary papillae are present in both genders and become functional nipples for females when mature.
Digestive System Overview
- The digestive tract starts at the mouth and ends at the anus, utilizing saliva for lubrication and enzyme action.
- The stomach contains two main valves:
- Pyloric valve: Between the stomach and duodenum.
- Cardiac valve: Between the esophagus and stomach.
- The pig's liver has five lobes: right lateral, right central, left central, left lateral, and caudate.
- The gallbladder stores bile and releases it into the duodenum; the pancreas produces insulin and pivotal enzymes.
- Six ducts compose the biliary tree, including:
- Right and left hepatic ducts form the common hepatic duct.
- Cystic duct connects to the gallbladder.
- Common bile duct merges with the pancreatic duct to deliver bile and enzymes to the small intestine.
Small and Large Intestine Functionality
- The small intestine comprises three sections in order: duodenum (digestion), jejunum (nutrient absorption), and ileum (water absorption).
- The ileocecal valve permits movement from the ileum to the cecum, preventing backflow.
- The large intestine consists of the cecum, spiral colon, rectum, and anus; its main role is water absorption and waste disposal.
Membrane Structures in the Abdomen
- The parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity; the visceral peritoneum covers abdominal organs.
- Mesentery holds small intestine coils in place.
- Mucous membranes line hollow organs within the alimentary canal.
Comparisons and Anatomical Considerations
- The fetal pig has 5 liver lobes, contrasting with humans who have 4 (right, left, caudate, quadrate).
- Distinct tubular structures pass through the diaphragm: aorta, posterior vena cava, and esophagus.
- Meconium is a green debris mixture found in the stomach, marking the first bowel movement of newborns.
- The adrenal glands are positioned differently in pigs (medial to the kidneys) compared to humans (on top of the kidneys).
Summary of Provided Anatomy Terminology
- Understand key anatomical terms and the basic structure/functions as they pertain to the fetal pig dissection and overall biology.
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Description
Explore key concepts related to fetal pig dissection including age determination, directional terms, and anatomical planes. This quiz covers essential anatomical structures and their functions in a detailed manner, providing valuable insights for biology students.