Fetal Pig Dissection Overview

Questions and Answers

How is the age of the fetal pig determined?

Length

From where is the length of the fetal pig taken?

The length is taken from the tip of the snout to the base of the tail following the natural curvature of the spine.

How many centimeters is a full-term fetal pig?

30.0 cm or longer

What does the term 'anterior' mean?

Toward the head Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'posterior' mean?

Toward the tail Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'dorsal' mean?

Toward the backbone Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'ventral' mean?

Toward the belly Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'lateral' mean?

Toward the side Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'medial' mean?

Toward the midline Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'proximal' mean?

Lying near the point of reference Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'distal' mean?

Lying further from the point of reference Signup and view all the answers

What does 'transverse' refer to?

Perpendicular to the long axis of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'sagittal'?

A longitudinal section separating the body into right and left sides Signup and view all the answers

What does 'frontal' mean in anatomical terms?

A longitudinal section dividing the specimen into dorsal and ventral parts Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'quadruped' mean?

Four-legged Signup and view all the answers

What is digitigrade locomotion?

Walking on toes Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure and function of the snout?

The snout has a blunt tip and ends with a disc-like, pliable but firm structure composed of cartilage. Signup and view all the answers

What are external nares?

Nostrils opening in the cartilaginous disc of the snout. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pinnae?

The pinnae are the external ears composed of cartilage. Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure and function of the eyes?

The eyes have eyelids and a third lid called the nictitating membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the umbilical cord?

It identifies the pig as a fetus and transfers nutrients and waste between the mother and fetus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the anus?

The terminal opening of the digestive tract. Signup and view all the answers

What is periderm?

A paper-thin covering upon the fetal pig's entire body. Signup and view all the answers

What are the sensory organs located on the head and in the mouth?

Eyes (sight), ears (hearing), nose (smell), and tongue (taste). Signup and view all the answers

What are the two parts of the roof of the mouth called?

The hard palate and the soft palate. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the digestive tract start and end?

The digestive tract starts at the mouth and ends at the anus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of saliva?

Saliva begins dissolving food with enzymes and lubricates it for easier movement through the esophagus. Signup and view all the answers

How do fetal pigs receive nourishment from their mother?

Through the umbilical cord. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two valves in the stomach of the fetal pig?

The pyloric valve and the cardiac valve. Signup and view all the answers

How many lobes are there to the pig's liver?

There are 5 lobes. Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the lobes of the liver on the pig?

Right lateral, right central, left central, left lateral, and caudate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the gallbladder?

The gallbladder stores bile and releases it to the duodenum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pancreas?

The pancreas produces insulin and other important enzymes and hormones. Signup and view all the answers

How many ducts are there in the biliary tree?

6 ducts. Signup and view all the answers

What are the ducts that make up the biliary tree?

The right hepatic duct, left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, cystic duct, common bile duct, and pancreatic duct. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the visceral peritoneum?

Wraps around the organs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the fundus?

The upper left portion of the stomach, which has a curved, dome-shaped appearance. Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the sections of the small intestine in order?

The duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ileocecal valve?

The valve between the ileum and the cecum. Signup and view all the answers

What are the parts of the large intestine in fetal pigs and their functions?

The cecum, spiral colon, rectum, and anus. The large intestine absorbs water and disposes of waste. Signup and view all the answers

Name 4 accessory organs of the digestive system.

The gallbladder, pancreas, liver, and salivary glands. Signup and view all the answers

How does the location of the adrenal gland in pigs differ from humans?

In pigs, the adrenal gland is near the anterior end of the kidney, while in humans, it caps the kidney. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three major tubular structures that pass through the diaphragm from the thoracic to the abdominal cavity?

The aorta, the posterior vena cava, and the esophagus. Signup and view all the answers

What is meconium and where is it located?

Meconium is a green debris found in the stomach and digestive tract. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fetal Pig Dissection: Key Concepts

The age of a fetal pig is determined by measuring its length from the tip of the snout to the base of the tail, adhering to the spine's natural curvature.
A full-term fetal pig typically measures 30.0 cm or longer.
Directional terms:
- Anterior (Cranial): Toward the head
- Posterior (Caudal): Toward the tail
- Dorsal (Superior): Toward the backbone
- Ventral (Inferior): Toward the belly
- Lateral: Toward the side
- Medial: Toward the midline
- Proximal: Near the point of reference
- Distal: Further from the point of reference
Planes of section:
- Transverse: Perpendicular to the body’s long axis
- Sagittal: Divides body into right and left sides
- Frontal (Coronal): Divides into dorsal and ventral parts
The fetal pig is classified as a quadruped (four-legged) with digitigrade locomotion (walking on toes).

Anatomy and Functions of Key Structures

The snout has a blunt tip made of cartilage, enabling the pig to dig and lift.
External nares are nostrils found in the cartilage of the snout, connecting to the nasal cavity for warming, filtering, and humidifying air.
Pinnae (ears) are made of cartilage, housing the external auditory canal leading to the eardrum.
The eyes possess upper and lower eyelids along with a nictitating membrane for protection and visibility.
The umbilical cord connects the pig to the placenta, facilitating nutrient and waste transfer.
The anus is the exit point for the digestive tract, located ventral to the tail's base.
The periderm is a thin protective covering over the fetal pig's body.

Development and Reproductive Structures

Female fetal pigs have a urogenital papilla situated ventral to the anus, with an external genital opening.
Male fetal pigs have a scrotum containing testes, with a urogenital opening posterior to the umbilical cord.
Mammary papillae are present in both genders and become functional nipples for females when mature.

Digestive System Overview

The digestive tract starts at the mouth and ends at the anus, utilizing saliva for lubrication and enzyme action.
The stomach contains two main valves:
- Pyloric valve: Between the stomach and duodenum.
- Cardiac valve: Between the esophagus and stomach.
The pig's liver has five lobes: right lateral, right central, left central, left lateral, and caudate.
The gallbladder stores bile and releases it into the duodenum; the pancreas produces insulin and pivotal enzymes.
Six ducts compose the biliary tree, including:
- Right and left hepatic ducts form the common hepatic duct.
- Cystic duct connects to the gallbladder.
- Common bile duct merges with the pancreatic duct to deliver bile and enzymes to the small intestine.

Small and Large Intestine Functionality

The small intestine comprises three sections in order: duodenum (digestion), jejunum (nutrient absorption), and ileum (water absorption).
The ileocecal valve permits movement from the ileum to the cecum, preventing backflow.
The large intestine consists of the cecum, spiral colon, rectum, and anus; its main role is water absorption and waste disposal.

Membrane Structures in the Abdomen

The parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity; the visceral peritoneum covers abdominal organs.
Mesentery holds small intestine coils in place.
Mucous membranes line hollow organs within the alimentary canal.

Comparisons and Anatomical Considerations

The fetal pig has 5 liver lobes, contrasting with humans who have 4 (right, left, caudate, quadrate).
Distinct tubular structures pass through the diaphragm: aorta, posterior vena cava, and esophagus.
Meconium is a green debris mixture found in the stomach, marking the first bowel movement of newborns.
The adrenal glands are positioned differently in pigs (medial to the kidneys) compared to humans (on top of the kidneys).

Summary of Provided Anatomy Terminology

Understand key anatomical terms and the basic structure/functions as they pertain to the fetal pig dissection and overall biology.

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Description

Explore key concepts related to fetal pig dissection including age determination, directional terms, and anatomical planes. This quiz covers essential anatomical structures and their functions in a detailed manner, providing valuable insights for biology students.