intrapartum surveillance

Preventing fetal motility can reduce the risk of complications such as abnormal positioning and decreased oxygen supply, thus lowering morbidity rates.

Monitoring contractions in a cardiotologram helps assess fetal well-being during labor by identifying patterns that indicate distress or normal progression.

A pH of 7.25 indicates a mildly acidic condition, which may suggest fetal distress or metabolic issues that need to be addressed promptly.

<p>Understanding contraction frequency allows healthcare providers to determine the intensity and progress of labor, guiding interventions if necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal movement is often a key indicator of fetal health, as reduced activity can signal potential issues like asphyxia or placental insufficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to decreased baseline variability and can contribute to a pre-terminal trace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Late decelerations occur during a contraction and return to baseline after 30 seconds, while early decelerations start with the contraction and return at its end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maternal infections like HIV and hepatitis, fetal bleeding disorders such as hemophilia, and premature gestation are contraindications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal sleep cycles can cause natural decreases in heart rate variability, which may be misinterpreted as distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Variable decelerations show no fixed relationship to contractions, indicating potential umbilical cord compression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four features are baseline rate, baseline variability, accelerations, and decelerations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Possible causes include maternal fever and fetal hypoxia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absent variability indicates that the amplitude range of FHR fluctuations is undetectable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying reversible causes allows for interventions, such as correcting maternal hypotension, that can improve fetal heart rate abnormalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marked variability indicates an amplitude range of fluctuations greater than 25 BPM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Labor pain is typically characterized by regular contractions that increase in intensity and duration, often accompanied by cervical changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ultrasound and fetal heart rate monitoring can be utilized to assess the fetal condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Athmar is in the first stage of labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous electronic fetal monitoring should be implemented to track fetal heart rate and uterine contractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is generally advised to limit solid food intake and consider clear liquids unless contraindicated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pelvic examinations should be performed every 1 to 2 hours to evaluate progress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crowning refers to the point when the baby's head is visible at the vaginal opening during delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gentle coaching during pushing and using warm compresses can help minimize the risk of perineal tears.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The APGAR score is 7.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two common signs are a sudden increase in vaginal bleeding and a firm uterine contour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The placenta is delivered by gentle traction on the umbilical cord while applying counter pressure to the uterus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes, the labor is considered normal; criteria include labor lasting less than 12 hours and a placenta delivered within 30 minutes postpartum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential reasons include maternal fever, prolonged rupture of membranes, and signs of fetal distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four fetal features are baseline heart rate, variability, accelerations, and decelerations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The management includes continuous EFM, preparing for possible delivery, and considering maternal position changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal heart rate should be auscultated every 15 minutes for one minute during the first stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary goal of intrapartum fetal monitoring is to detect hypoxia in labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three methods of fetal monitoring are clinical, biophysical, and biochemical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal heart rate is assessed through intermittent auscultation using a stethoscope, fetoscope, or handheld Doppler.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonreassuring fetal status refers to patterns in fetal heart rate that suggest the fetus may be experiencing distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological changes in pregnancy include increased blood volume and alterations in coagulation factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemorrhagic shock occurs when there is significant blood loss leading to inadequate perfusion of organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Management strategies include addressing underlying causes, fluid resuscitation, and sometimes dialysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endotoxic shock is primarily caused by severe infections leading to systemic inflammatory response, while hypovolemic shock results from substantial fluid loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Admission CTG is poor at predicting fetal compromises in labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pethidine and tranquilizers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal anemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infections and fetal sleep cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prematurity can lead to tachycardia and decreased variability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased variability and bradycardia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to changes in fetal heart rate patterns such as tachycardia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous monitoring and evaluation of the fetal condition are necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absence of accelerations may denote an unknown significance but could indicate potential fetal hypoxia if accompanied by reduced baseline variability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main types of deceleration are early, late, and variable decelerations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced baseline variability may indicate fetal distress, including hypoxia, infection, or anomalies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased baseline variability with late decelerations lasting 3 minutes or longer significantly increases the risk of fetal hypoxia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent late decelerations are associated with an increased risk of a low Apgar score and hypoxemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiotocography requires trained personnel for accurate interpretation due to the complexity and potential for interpretation errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consistent recording of fetal heart rate serves as an important legal record in cases of adverse outcomes or disputes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early deceleration is characterized by uniform, repetitive patterns that coincide with uterine contractions, making it the most frequent occurrence during labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Baseline variability refers to the oscillation of baseline FHR, which reflects normal cardiac behavior in response to nerve inputs. It is important as it indicates a healthy neurohormonal and cardiovascular function in the fetus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diminished baseline variability is characterized by a less than normal FHR oscillation and can signal potential fetal distress or other conditions. It is commonly observed during certain maternal and fetal pathologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three categories are Category I (normal), Category II (indeterminate), and Category III (abnormal). These categories help clinicians assess fetal status and guide interventions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accelerations signify a transient increase in FHR by 15 bpm or more lasting for at least 15 seconds, indicating an intact fetal neurohormonal response. They are generally viewed as a reassuring sign of fetal well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acceleration is a transient increase in FHR by 15 bpm or more lasting at least 15 seconds, whereas deceleration is a drop in FHR below the baseline by 15 bpm or more lasting at least 15 seconds. Both are critical for interpreting fetal health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Category III indicates abnormal FHR patterns that may include absent baseline variability and recurrent late or variable decelerations. It raises concern about potential fetal compromise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EFM allows for accurate, continuous monitoring of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions, which provides more detailed data regarding fetal well-being during labor. This enhances the ability to detect potential issues early.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolonged acceleration is defined as an FHR increase lasting longer than 2 minutes but less than 10 minutes, suggesting a change in baseline. It reflects a robust fetal response indicating possible activity or stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Late decelerations are uniform, U-shaped dips that occur after the onset of a uterine contraction and indicate decreased variability with repetitive periodic slowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lag period for late decelerations is defined as the time taken for the fetal heart rate (FHR) to reach its lowest point after the peak of the uterine contraction, typically greater than 30 seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sinusoidal pattern indicates a stable baseline FHR with fixed or absent variability, often associated with fetal anemia or hypoxia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nadir refers to the lowest point of FHR deceleration, which typically occurs approximately 20 seconds after the peak (acme) of the uterine contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolonged deceleration, defined as a decrease in FHR to below baseline levels for more than three minutes, indicates potential fetal hypoxia or stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Head compression can lead to early decelerations, characterized by a decrease in FHR due to vagal nerve activation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Late decelerations feature reduced variability, start more than 20 seconds after the contraction begins, and occur alongside repetitive slowing of FHR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sinusoidal FHR pattern can indicate conditions like fetomaternal hemorrhage, which is concerning for fetal well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers