#2 FHR variability, categories and decelerations THROUGH fetal position changes during labor, and cardinal movements

What is the minimum duration of interpretable data required to determine baseline FHR?

A baseline FHR of 170 bpm would be classified as which of the following?

Which FHR variability range is considered normal?

According to the three-tier FHR categories, what does a Category I tracing indicate?

Which of the following is a characteristic of Category III FHR tracings?

Which type of FHR deceleration is often associated with umbilical cord compression?

What is the first intervention that should be implemented when observing late decelerations?

What is the priority nursing intervention for a prolonged deceleration?

What is the primary cause of early decelerations in fetal heart rate?

A sinusoidal FHR pattern is considered:

What does the term 'effacement' refer to in the context of cervical changes during labor?

Cervical dilation is measured in:

Ideally, what fetal attitude is preferred for vaginal delivery?

Which cardinal movement involves the fetal head passing through the pelvic inlet?

During which cardinal movement does the fetal occiput rotate anteriorly?

What physiological process is indicated by the cardinal movement of flexion?

Which of the following interventions is LEAST appropriate for variable decelerations?

What is the duration criterion that distinguishes a prolonged deceleration from other types of decelerations?

Which of the following findings would classify an FHR tracing as Category II?

A laboring patient's FHR tracing shows a pattern of accelerations lasting >15 seconds and peaking >15 bpm above the baseline. What is the MOST appropriate nursing action?

After internal rotation, what cardinal movement allows the fetal head to be born?

Following delivery of the fetal head, which cardinal movement occurs next?

Which of the following FHR patterns definitively requires intrauterine resuscitation measures?

Dino, a medical student, is asked to describe Category II fetal heart rate tracings in detail. He notes that these tracings are 'Indeterminate'. Which of the following could be a characteristic of this tracing?

Which of the following decelerations typically requires no intervention?

In fetal monitoring, which baseline variability pattern is defined as a fluctuation range of 1-5 bpm?

During a complicated labor, a sinusoidal pattern is observed on the fetal heart rate monitor. This rare abnormal fetal heartbeat pattern is a sign of:

A woman is in labor, and the healthcare provider determines that the fetus is in the occiput posterior (OP) position. What cardinal movement is MOST likely to be affected or prolonged as a result of this malposition?

A seasoned nurse is teaching a group of new graduate nurses about fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring and the importance of recognizing different patterns. She explains that certain FHR patterns require immediate intervention to prevent potential fetal compromise. According to the nurse, which of the following FHR patterns would necessitate the MOST urgent intervention?

In a rare obstetrical emergency, a previously healthy 28-year-old primigravida at term presents with sudden onset of prolonged fetal bradycardia and a sinusoidal FHR pattern after attempted external cephalic version (ECV). Despite immediate tocolysis and maternal repositioning, the abnormal FHR patterns persist. What is the MOST likely underlying cause of these findings, and what is the NEXT BEST step in management?