Fetal Heart Development

Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth is most commonly observed in which population?

Which of the following structures is responsible for directing blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava (IVC) in fetal circulation?

In fetal circulation, what is the primary function of the foramen ovale?

Which of the following cardiac events occurs earliest during embryonic development?

During which week of embryonic development does the heartbeat typically begin?

Which of the following best describes the direction of cardiac looping during embryonic development?

What is the origin of the heart tissue during embryonic development?

Which of the following best describes the function of the endocardial cushions in heart development?

A newborn is diagnosed with persistent fetal circulation. Which fetal shunt failed to close properly?

A baby is born with only one umbilical artery. This condition raises concern for:

A child is diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Which of the following is NOT a component of TOF?

Which heart sound correlates with the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves?

In which area of the chest is S1 typically heard best?

What causes cyanosis in right-to-left shunting?

What physiological process leads to pulmonary hypertension in left-to-right shunting?

Which of the following terms best describes the sound produced by turbulent blood flow in the heart?

Which of the following is NOT a cause of heart murmurs?

Which of the following is a category of cyanotic heart diseases?

A patient is diagnosed with tricuspid atresia. What does this condition entail?

A Still's murmur is most commonly heard in children of what age range?

When auscultating a Still's murmur, what action typically makes the murmur disappear or soften?

What is a key characteristic of a venous hum that distinguishes it from other murmurs?

What physical action typically makes a venous hum disappear?

A peripheral pulmonic stenosis murmur in a newborn is characterized by radiation to which areas?

What is the typical cause of pulmonary and aortic flow murmurs?

Under what conditions are pulmonary and aortic flow murmurs most likely to be heard?

A clinician detects a heart murmur described as 'sensitive, short duration, soft, single, small, sweet, and systolic'. Which of the following is the most likely type of murmur?

A newborn presents with cyanosis shortly after birth. The echocardiogram reveals a single vessel leaving the heart. Which cyanotic heart defect is most likely?

A newborn presents with cyanosis. Upon examination, it is determined that the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle. Which congenital heart defect is most likely?

Which of the following is a cyanotic heart defect characterized by the absence of a tricuspid valve, resulting in no direct communication between the right atrium and right ventricle?

During an examination of a child, a physician identifies the classic components of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Which of the following defects is included in this tetralogy?

A neonate is diagnosed with Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR). What is the key characteristic of this condition?

Which of the following defects is associated with the abnormal movement of blood from the aorta to the pulmonary artery?

In Coarctation of the Aorta, where is the aorta narrowed?

What condition is defined by the presence of two aortic arches surrounding the trachea and esophagus?

What abnormality is indicated by the terms double or absent IVC (Inferior Vena Cava) or SVC ( Superior Vena Cava)?

What does PFO stand for, in the context of circulatory system defects?

Where might you find a click, when listening to heart sounds?

What does S2 correlate with?