Fetal Heart Circulation and Development

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the ductus venosus in fetal circulation?

  • Bypassing the fetal lungs by shunting blood from the right atrium to the left atrium.
  • Shunting blood away from the fetal liver directly into the inferior vena cava (IVC). (correct)
  • Directing oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetal liver.
  • Shunting blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta.

Which of the following is the correct order of blood flow from the placenta back to the placenta?

  • Umbilical Vein → Ductus Venosus → IVC → Right Atrium → Foramen Ovale → Left Atrium → Aorta → Umbilical Arteries (correct)
  • Umbilical Vein → Fetal Liver → IVC → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Aorta → Umbilical Arteries
  • Umbilical Vein → Ductus Venosus → IVC → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Vein → Ductus Arteriosus → Aorta → Umbilical Arteries
  • Umbilical Vein → Fetal Liver → IVC → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Artery → Ductus Arteriosus → Aorta → Umbilical Arteries

What is the critical role of neural crest cells in cardiac development?

  • Formation of the endocardial cushions that develop into heart valves.
  • Septation and remodeling of the outflow tract into the aorta and pulmonary artery. (correct)
  • Formation of the cardiac crescent during early embryogenesis.
  • Development of the myocardium, the muscular layer of the heart.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a condition where the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth. What is the direct consequence of this failure?

<p>Blood shunts from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, causing increased pulmonary blood flow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event triggers the closure of the foramen ovale at birth?

<p>Increased pressure in the left atrium as pulmonary circulation becomes fully functional. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that most of the blood entering the right atrium in fetal circulation is shunted through the foramen ovale into the left atrium?

<p>To bypass the non-functional fetal lungs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A newborn infant is diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot. Which combination of heart defects is present in this condition?

<p>Ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the embryological process of septation?

<p>The division of the heart tube into separate atria and ventricles through the growth and fusion of tissue. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the umbilical vein?

<p>It carries oxygenated blood and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate result of the closure of the ductus arteriosus after birth?

<p>Formation of the ligamentum arteriosum. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cardiac Embryology

The heart's development from early embryo to its final functional state.

Fetal circulation

The circulatory system in a fetus, differing structurally from postnatal circulation.

Cardiac Progenitor Cells

Cells that migrate and form the heart.

Heart Tube Layers

Inner, middle muscular, and outer layers of the heart tube.

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Heart Tube Looping

Bending and twisting of the heart tube for proper positioning.

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Septation

Divides the heart tube into separate atria and ventricles.

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Umbilical Vein

Carry oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetal liver.

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Ductus Venosus

Shunts blood directly into the IVC, bypassing the liver.

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Foramen Ovale

Opening between the right and left atria in the fetal heart.

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Ductus Arteriosus

Connects pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the lungs.

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Study Notes

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