Fetal Development Stages
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of assessing for thrombophlebitis in pregnant women?

  • To prevent deep vein thrombosis
  • To diagnose a urinary tract infection
  • To monitor for signs of pain, redness, swelling, warmth, and fever (correct)
  • To monitor blood pressure

    • What is the recommended management for thrombophlebitis in pregnant women?

  • Taking pain relievers and resting
  • Applying hot compress and ambulating
  • Massaging the affected area and elevating the legs
  • Dorsiflexion and keeping knees extended, and avoiding HAM (correct)

    • What is the cause of lordosis in pregnancy?

  • Hormonal changes causing pelvic joint relaxation (correct)
  • Increased weight gain
  • Weakened back muscles
  • Poor posture

    • What is the recommended position for feeding to alleviate heartburn in pregnant women?

    <p>Sitting upright with two pillows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication is recommended to alleviate heartburn in pregnant women?

    <p>Antacids containing aluminum hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency of feeding to alleviate heartburn in pregnant women?

    <p>Small frequent feedings every 2-3 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the management for 'Pain in the head' during pregnancy?

    <p>Paracetamol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes shortness of breath in the third trimester?

    <p>Enlarged uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone responsible for readiness of lactation?

    <p>Human Placental Lactogen (HPL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the management for striate gravidarum (stretch marks)?

    <p>Cocoa butter lotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does urinary frequency increase in pregnancy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is quickening felt by the mother?

    <p>20 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of morning sickness?

    <p>P-H-E-G</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can menses return after childbirth?

    <p>6 weeks to 10 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of Stage II: Fetal Delivery for primigravida women?

    <p>1-2 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone responsible for preparing the uterus and breasts for pregnancy in females?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the phase where the follicles become yellow and wait for 8-10 days?

    <p>Luteal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Palmar Erythema?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hormone produced by the corpus luteum with low estrogen?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which trimester does the mother experience deprived sleep due to fetal movements and urinary frequency?

    <p>3rd Trimester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily calorie intake for a pregnant woman?

    <p>+300 Calorie/Day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of pregnancy in lunar months?

    <p>10 lunar months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Ferrous Sulfate supplementation during pregnancy?

    <p>Prevent Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hormone responsible for stimulating the growth of sex organs?

    <p>GnRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake of Folic Acid to prevent Neural Tube Defects and Anemia?

    <p>400mcg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the phase where estrogen surges and prepares the endometrium for implantation?

    <p>Proliferation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of Stage III: Placental Delivery?

    <p>5-15 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for excessive saliva production during pregnancy?

    <p>Ptyalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended weight gain for a pregnant woman?

    <p>25-35 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone responsible for preparing the breasts for lactation in females?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for abnormal cravings during pregnancy?

    <p>Pica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the stage where the patient is monitored for hemorrhage?

    <p>Stage IV: Recovery of the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for promoting good perineal hygiene during pregnancy?

    <p>To prevent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of varicosed veins during pregnancy?

    <p>Uterine pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended management for hemorrhoids during pregnancy?

    <p>Inserting gently using fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best assessment method for determining fetal age?

    <p>Last menstrual period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that can cause blindness in newborns?

    <p>Ophthalmia neonatorum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'VEINS' management strategy for varicosed veins?

    <p>To relieve uterine pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pregnancy and Childbirth

    • Pregnancy duration: 42 weeks, divided into three trimesters
    • Fetal development: During the 1st trimester, the fetus grows from 8-20 hours to 42 weeks; during the 2nd trimester, the fetus grows from 5-15 hours to 42 weeks
    • Stages of labor:
      • Stage I: Fetal delivery (Primi: 1-2 hours, Multi: 30 min - 1 hour)
      • Stage II: Placental delivery (Primi/Multi: 5-15 min, Max: 30 min)
      • Stage III: Recovery of the patient (1st 4 hours after delivery, monitoring for hemorrhage and NSD > 500ml/24 hours)
      • Stage IV: Recovery of the patient (1st 4 hours after delivery, monitoring for hemorrhage and NSD > 500ml/24 hours)

    Sex Organs and Hormones

    • Female reproductive system: Egg cell/Ovum, Ovaries, Estrogen (prepares uterus and breasts)
    • Male reproductive system: Sperm, Testis, Testosterone
    • Ovarian cycle: Estrogen surge stimulates endometrial cells for implantation, followed by progesterone surge during the luteal phase
    • Lower back pain: Caused by progesterone and relaxin, managed by encouraging 4S (Stand straight, Support pillow, Squatting, Shoes: Low) and exercising "P-R" (Pelvic Rock)
    • Chest pain: Caused by progesterone and relaxin, managed by taking small, frequent feedings, avoiding triggers, and taking antacids
    • Headaches: Managed by taking paracetamol, reporting severe or continued headaches, and monitoring for hypertension and visual changes
    • Respiratory changes: Stuffiness of the nose caused by estrogen, shortness of breath in the 3rd trimester due to enlarged uterus
    • Breast changes: Enlarged breasts caused by estrogen and progesterone, prepares for lactation
    • Skin changes: Stretch marks, spider veins, and increased pigmentation caused by estrogen
    • Urinary frequency: Caused by increased bladder pressure and hormonal changes
    • Movements: Felt by the mother, called quickening, peaks in the 3rd trimester
    • Morning sickness: Caused by progesterone, estrogen, HCG, and low glucose, managed by snacking before bed, taking small frequent feedings, and avoiding triggers
    • Menses cessation: Caused by increased estrogen, returns after childbirth, delayed in breastfeeding mothers
    • Palmar erythema: Redness and itchiness of the palms caused by estrogen, managed by calamine lotion
    • Tiredness: Caused by low glucose, increased blood volume, and deprived sleep, managed by relaxation, enough sleep, and taking iron and folic acid supplements
    • Increased salivation: Caused by estrogen, managed by good oral hygiene and monitoring for nutrition deficiency
    • Vaginal changes: Increased secretion caused by estrogen, managed by promoting good perineal hygiene
    • Varicosed veins: Caused by uterine pressure, managed by taking vitamins, elevating the legs, and increasing circulation
    • Hemorrhoids: Managed by constipation management, cold compress, modified Sims' position, and lotion
    • Enlargement of uterus/abdomen: Assessed by LMP, Naegel's Rule, McDonald's Rule, and Bartholomew's Rule

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    This quiz covers the different stages of fetal development, including the duration of each stage and the corresponding measurements.

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