Podcast
Questions and Answers
During fetal development, what is the term for the developing human from week 9 until birth?
During fetal development, what is the term for the developing human from week 9 until birth?
- Blastocyst
- Zygote
- Fetus (correct)
- Embryo
What characterizes fetal development from week 9 until birth?
What characterizes fetal development from week 9 until birth?
- Development of the initial blood cells
- Formation of the placenta
- Slow and minimal growth
- Rapid growth of body structures established in the embryo (correct)
Where do the first blood cells arise during fetal circulation?
Where do the first blood cells arise during fetal circulation?
- Liver
- Bone marrow
- Yolk sac (correct)
- Spleen
By the end of which week does the embryo have a system of paired vessels?
By the end of which week does the embryo have a system of paired vessels?
Around when does the fetal heart start beating?
Around when does the fetal heart start beating?
What vascular structure is found in the placenta?
What vascular structure is found in the placenta?
What is the foramen ovale?
What is the foramen ovale?
What happens to vascular shunts after birth?
What happens to vascular shunts after birth?
What is parturition?
What is parturition?
What hormone is produced by the placenta due to fetal secretion of cortisol?
What hormone is produced by the placenta due to fetal secretion of cortisol?
What effect does fetal oxytocin have on the placenta?
What effect does fetal oxytocin have on the placenta?
What part of the maternal anatomy is activated by emotional and physical stress, causing oxytocin release?
What part of the maternal anatomy is activated by emotional and physical stress, causing oxytocin release?
Which factor can lead to infertility?
Which factor can lead to infertility?
Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of assisted reproductive technology (ART)?
Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of assisted reproductive technology (ART)?
In in vitro fertilization (IVF), where are oocytes and sperm incubated?
In in vitro fertilization (IVF), where are oocytes and sperm incubated?
After fertilization in IVF, where are the embryos transferred for possible implantation?
After fertilization in IVF, where are the embryos transferred for possible implantation?
Which of the following is a consideration related to cloning?
Which of the following is a consideration related to cloning?
What is the significance of stimulating egg production through medication in assisted reproductive technology?
What is the significance of stimulating egg production through medication in assisted reproductive technology?
What is the purpose of surgical removal of oocytes?
What is the purpose of surgical removal of oocytes?
What is a step in the procedure of assisted reproductive technology?
What is a step in the procedure of assisted reproductive technology?
Flashcards
What is a Fetus?
What is a Fetus?
The developing human from week 9 to birth.
What is the Ductus Arteriosus?
What is the Ductus Arteriosus?
The vascular shunt that bypasses the lungs in fetal circulation, connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta.
What is the Foramen Ovale?
What is the Foramen Ovale?
An opening in the interatrial septum that allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs.
What are Oxytocin & Prostaglandins?
What are Oxytocin & Prostaglandins?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Parturition?
What is Parturition?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)?
What is In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are the unique vascular modifications?
What are the unique vascular modifications?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Fetal Development
- From week 9 to birth, the embryo is referred to as a fetus
- There is rapid growth of body structures established in the embryo during this time
- The fetus begins to resemble a full-term newborn
- The maturing fetus grows larger and heavier as it develops
Fetal Circulation
- The first blood cells originate in the yolk sac
- By the end of the third week the embryo has a system of paired vessels
- Two vessels forming the heart have fused and are bent into an "S" shape
- The heart begins to beat by 3½ weeks
Unique Vascular Modifications in Fetal Circulation
- Placenta: umbilical arteries and umbilical vein
- Vascular shunts: foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, and ductus venosus
- Vascular shunts occlude at birth
Initiation of Labor
- Parturition is the process of giving birth
- Fetal secretion of cortisol during the last few weeks of pregnancy stimulates the placenta to secrete more estrogen
- This production of estrogen causes production of oxytocin receptors by the myometrium
- This antagonizes the calming effects of progesterone, which can lead to Braxton Hicks contractions in the uterus
- Surfactant from fetal lungs causes softening of the cervix
- Oxytocin and prostaglandins are powerful uterine muscle stimulants
- Maternal emotional and physical stress activates the hypothalamus, causing oxytocin release from the posterior pituitary
- This begins a positive feedback mechanism
Assisted Reproductive Technology
- Many factors can lead to infertility, including reproductive disorders, STIs, POS, cancer, endometriosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease
- Assisted reproductive technology may necessitate use of technological advancements like surgical removal of oocytes following hormone stimulation, fertilization of oocytes and return of fertilized oocytes to a woman's body
- Disadvantages can include being costly, emotionally draining, and painful for the oocyte donor
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
- Oocytes and sperm are incubated in culture dishes for several days
- The embryos are then transferred to the uterus for possible implantation
Other Considerations
- Artificial insemination
- Medication to stimulate egg production
- Cloning faces legal, moral, ethical, and political roadblocks and considerations
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
