160 Questions
Which term refers to the process of the cervix opening during labor?
Dilation
What is the term used to describe the thick mucus plug that is expelled from the cervix as a sign of impending labor?
Bloody show
What is the term used to describe the process of the baby's head appearing at the vaginal opening during labor?
Crowning
What is the term used to describe the rhythmic contractions of the uterus during labor?
Powers
Which fetal presentation is the most common and favorable for a vaginal birth?
Vertex presentation
Which fetal presentation is characterized by the head being fully extended and the face presenting?
Face presentation
Which fetal presentation is characterized by the head being neither flexed nor extended?
Military presentation
Which fetal presentation is characterized by the buttocks presenting at the cervix?
Frank breech
During labor, contractions cause the cervix to efface and dilate. Effacement is determined by a vaginal examination and is described as a percentage of the original cervical length. What is the cervix like when it is 100% effaced?
Thin and slick
What is the average duration of a contraction?
45 to 50 seconds
How is the intensity of a contraction described?
Mild, moderate, or strong
What is the interval in relation to contractions?
The amount of time between contractions
Which part of the pelvis is directly involved in childbirth?
The true pelvis
Which fontanelle is formed by the intersection of four sutures?
The anterior fontanelle
What can reduce or eliminate the natural urge to push during childbirth?
Epidural analgesia
What can excessive anxiety or fear during labor cause?
All of the above
Which of the following birth settings allows the mother and infant to remain in the same room until discharge?
Labor, delivery, recovery, and postpartum room
What is a disadvantage of giving birth at home?
Limited choice of birth attendants
What are the two powers of labor?
Uterine contractions and the mother's pushing efforts
What are some advantages of freestanding birth centers?
Homelike setting for the low-risk woman
Which of the following is a traditional birth practice that may vary depending on cultural background?
Presence of a support person during labor and delivery
What is the term for a vaginal birth after a previous cesarean section?
Trial of labor after cesarean
In which settings can a woman choose to deliver her child?
All of the above
What is the role of the bedside nurse in the labor and delivery unit?
To protect the privacy and rights of the mother
Which fetal presentation is considered most favorable for normal labor?
ROA
Which presentation is associated with a longer, 'back labor' birth process?
RMP
Which presentation is associated with the occiput facing the posterior section of the woman's pelvis?
RMP
Which presentation involves the mentum facing anteriorly on the left side?
LMA
Which presentation involves the sacrum facing posteriorly on the right side?
RSP
Which presentations are not included in the given text because they occur infrequently?
Brow, military, and shoulder presentations
Which of the following birth settings is commonly referred to as a labor, delivery, and recovery (LDR) room?
Hospital birthing room
What is the term used to describe the process of the cervix opening during labor?
Dilation
Which fetal presentation is characterized by the head being fully extended and the face presenting?
Face presentation
What is the term used to describe the rhythmic contractions of the uterus during labor?
Contractions
Which term refers to the bluish discoloration of the hands and feet of a newborn shortly after birth?
Acrocyanosis
What is the term used to describe the thinning and shortening of the cervix during labor?
Effacement
What is the term used to describe the process of the baby's head becoming visible at the vaginal opening during labor?
Crowning
What is the term used to describe the stretching and shaping of the baby's head to fit through the birth canal?
Molding
Which part of the pelvis is directly involved in childbirth?
Outlet
What is the term used to describe the rhythmic contractions of the uterus during labor?
Labor
What is the term used to describe the process of the cervix opening during labor?
Dilation
Which of the following is a traditional birth practice that may vary depending on cultural background?
Epidural analgesia
During labor, contractions cause the cervix to efface and dilate. What is effacement?
The cervix becomes thinner and shorter
What is the term used to describe the average time from the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next?
Frequency
What is the approximate strength of a mild contraction?
Fundus is easily indented with the fingertips
When the woman's cervix is fully dilated, she adds voluntary pushing to involuntary uterine contractions. What is this stage of labor called?
Stage 2
Which fetal presentation is the most common and favorable for a vaginal birth?
Vertex presentation
Which fetal presentation involves the head being fully extended and the face presenting?
Face presentation
Which fetal presentation involves the buttocks presenting at the cervix?
Frank breech
Which term is used to describe how the head is oriented if the fetus is in a cephalic vertex presentation?
Occiput
Which of the following birth settings is often operated by full-service hospitals and attended by certified nurse-midwives?
Freestanding birth center
What is the term used to describe the process of the cervix opening during labor?
Dilation
What are the two primary powers of labor?
Uterine contractions and maternal pushing efforts
What are some advantages of hospital-based birth settings?
Preregistration, easy access to specialized services, and family-centered care
Which fetal presentation is characterized by the head being fully extended and the face presenting?
LSA
What is the term for a vaginal birth after a previous cesarean section?
VBAC
Which presentation involves the sacrum facing posteriorly on the right side?
RSA
What is the term used to describe the rhythmic contractions of the uterus during labor?
Contractions
Which fetal presentation is considered most favorable for normal labor?
ROA
What can excessive anxiety or fear during labor cause?
Slower progress
Which term refers to the bluish discoloration of the hands and feet of a newborn shortly after birth?
Acrocyanosis
What is the term used to describe the stretching and shaping of the baby's head to fit through the birth canal?
Molding
Which fetal presentation involves the buttocks presenting at the cervix?
Footling breech
What is the term used to describe the process of the cervix opening during labor?
Dilate
Which part of the pelvis is directly involved in childbirth?
The outlet
What is the term used to describe the stretching and shaping of the baby's head to fit through the birth canal?
Molding
Which presentation involves the mentum facing anteriorly on the left side?
Brow presentation
What is the term used to describe the process of the cervix opening during labor?
Dilation
Which fetal presentation is the most common and favorable for a vaginal birth?
Vertex presentation
What is the term used to describe the process of the cervix opening during labor?
Dilation
Which presentation involves the sacrum facing posteriorly on the right side?
Right sacrum posterior
What is the term used to describe the rhythmic contractions of the uterus during labor?
Uterine contractions
During labor, contractions cause the cervix to efface and dilate. What is effacement?
The process of the cervix thinning
What is the term used to describe the period of increasing strength during a contraction?
Increment
What is the approximate strength of a moderate contraction described as?
Fundus can be indented with the fingertips but with more difficulty; the fundus of the uterus feels similar to the chin
What is the average time from the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next called?
Frequency
Which of the following birth settings allows the mother and infant to remain in the same room until discharge?
Hospital-based birth setting
What are some advantages of freestanding birth centers?
Low costs due to lack of expensive departments
What are the primary powers of labor?
Uterine contractions and the mother's pushing efforts
What are some disadvantages of giving birth at home?
Limited choice of birth attendants
Which term refers to a test used to determine the pH level of vaginal fluid during pregnancy?
Nitrazine test
What is the term used to describe the condition where the umbilical cord is wrapped around the fetus's neck?
Nuchal cord
What is the term for an infection of the eyes in a newborn, usually caused by exposure to a mother's sexually transmitted infection during delivery?
Ophthalmia neonatorum
What is the term for the condition where the fetal heart rate shows temporary decreases during labor?
Prolonged decelerations
Which fetal presentation is characterized by the head being fully extended and the face presenting?
Left mentum anterior
What is the term used to describe the process of the baby's head becoming visible at the vaginal opening during labor?
Crowning
Which fetal presentation is the most common and favorable for a vaginal birth?
Left occiput anterior
Which presentation involves the sacrum facing posteriorly on the right side?
Right sacrum posterior
What is the term used to describe the average time from the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next?
Frequency
Which part of the pelvis is directly involved in childbirth?
Sacrum
Which term refers to the process of the cervix opening during labor?
Dilation
What is the term used to describe the rhythmic contractions of the uterus during labor?
Tachysystole
Which fetal presentation involves the buttocks presenting at the cervix?
Breech presentation
What are the primary powers of labor?
Contractions and pushing
How is effacement of the cervix determined?
Through vaginal examination
What is the term used to describe the period of increasing strength during a contraction?
Increment
What is the average dilation for a fully dilated cervix?
10 cm
What is the approximate strength of a firm contraction described as?
Similar to the forehead
What is the term used to describe the bluish discoloration of the hands and feet of a newborn?
Acrocyanosis
What is the term used to describe the rupture of the amniotic sac during labor?
Amniotomy
What is the term used to describe the process of the cervix thinning and shortening during labor?
Efface
What is the term used to describe the rhythmic contractions of the uterus during labor?
Powers
Which part of the pelvis is directly involved in childbirth?
The true pelvis
What is the term used to describe the process of the cervix opening during labor?
Dilation
Which fetal presentation involves the buttocks presenting at the cervix?
Breech presentation
What is the term used to describe the stretching and shaping of the baby's head to fit through the birth canal?
Molding
Which fetal presentation is characterized by the head being fully flexed and the smallest possible diameter of the head entering the pelvis?
Vertex presentation
Which fetal presentation is characterized by the head being neither flexed nor extended?
Military presentation
Which fetal presentation is characterized by the head being fully extended and the face presenting?
Face presentation
Which presentation involves the sacrum facing posteriorly on the right side?
Right sacrum posterior
What are the advantages of hospital-based birth settings?
Preregistration, access to specialized personnel, family-centered care
What are the advantages of freestanding birth centers?
Homelike setting, lower costs, certified nurse-midwives
What are the advantages of a home birth?
Control over who is present, low risk of acquiring pathogens, low-technology birth
What are the primary powers of labor?
Uterine contractions and the mother's pushing efforts
Which fetal presentation is most favorable for normal labor?
LOA
What is the term for the presentation where the occiput faces the posterior section of the woman's pelvis?
ROA
Which presentation involves the mentum facing anteriorly on the left side?
LMA
What are the abbreviations for the right occiput transverse and left occiput transverse presentations, respectively?
LOT, RSP
Which presentation is associated with a longer, 'back labor' birth process?
OP
Which fetal presentation is characterized by the head being fully extended and the face presenting?
LMA
Which term refers to the process of the cervix thinning and shortening during labor?
Effacement
What is the term used to describe the rupture of the amniotic sac during labor?
Amniotomy
Which part of the pelvis is directly involved in childbirth?
Outlet
What is the term used to describe the rhythmic contractions of the uterus during labor?
Contractions
What is the term used to describe the process of the cervix thinning and shortening during labor?
Effacement
What is the average duration of a contraction?
30 to 45 seconds
What is the approximate strength of a mild contraction?
Similar to the tip of the nose
What is the term used to describe the period of increasing strength during a contraction?
Increment
Which fetal presentation is characterized by the head being fully extended and the face presenting?
Face presentation
What is the most common presentation in childbirth?
Vertex presentation
What is the term used to describe how the head is oriented if the fetus is in a cephalic vertex presentation?
Occiput
Which fetal presentation involves the buttocks presenting at the cervix?
Frank breech
Which term refers to the process of the cervix opening during labor?
Dilation
What is the term used to describe the rhythmic contractions of the uterus during labor?
Powers
Which presentation involves the sacrum facing posteriorly on the right side?
Right occiput posterior
What is the term used to describe the average time from the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next?
Frequency
Which part of the pelvis is directly involved in childbirth?
The true pelvis
What is the term used to describe the process of the baby's head changing shape as it passes through the pelvis?
Molding
Which fontanelle is formed by the intersection of four sutures and has a diamond shape?
The anterior fontanelle
What is the most common orientation of the fetus to the mother's spine?
Longitudinal lie
Which of the following birth settings is operated by full-service hospitals and often attended by certified nurse-midwives?
Freestanding birth centers
What is the main advantage of hospital-based birth settings?
Preregistration
Which of the following is a disadvantage of giving birth at home?
Limited choice of birth attendants
What are the primary powers of labor?
Uterine contractions and the mother's pushing efforts
Which fetal presentation is associated with a longer, 'back labor' birth process?
OA
Which presentation involves the sacrum facing posteriorly on the right side?
RSA
Which presentation involves the mentum facing anteriorly on the left side?
LMA
What is the term used to describe the process of the cervix opening during labor?
Dilation
What are the primary powers of labor?
Contractions and pushing
What is the term used to describe the rhythmic contractions of the uterus during labor?
Contractions
True or false: Vertex presentations include LOA, ROA, ROT, and LOT positions.
True
True or false: Face presentations include LMA, RMA, LMP, and RMP positions.
True
True or false: Breech presentations include LSA, RSA, LSP, and RSP positions.
True
True or false: Brow, military, and shoulder presentations occur frequently.
False
True or false: The occiput facing the posterior section of the woman's pelvis is associated with a longer, 'back labor' birth process.
True
True or false: The ROA or LOA position is most favorable for normal labor.
True
True or false: Abbreviations for brow, military, and shoulder presentations are included in the text.
False
True or false: The vertex presentation involves the head being fully extended and the face presenting.
False
True or false: The right occiput transverse and left occiput transverse presentations are not included in the text.
False
True or false: The sacrum facing posteriorly on the right side is associated with a longer, 'back labor' birth process.
True
Test your knowledge on fetal attitude and presentation with this quiz. Learn about the normal fetal attitude of flexion and its implications during labor, as well as the concept of presentation and the different fetal parts that enter the pelvis first.
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