Podcast
Questions and Answers
During fertilization, what is the first step in the process?
During fertilization, what is the first step in the process?
- Acrosomal reaction
- Fusion of the sperm and egg membranes
- Cortical reaction
- Formation of the zygote
- Sperm penetration of the corona radiata (correct)
What occurs during the acrosomal reaction?
What occurs during the acrosomal reaction?
- Formation of the zygote
- Depolarization of the oocyte membrane
- Sperm cells attach to receptors on the zona pellucida, and acrosomal enzymes digest the zona pellucida (correct)
- Fusion of the pronuclei
- The oocyte completes the second meiotic division
Which reaction prevents polyspermy?
Which reaction prevents polyspermy?
- Completion of meiosis II
- Acrosomal reaction
- Formation of the male pronucleus
- Cortical reaction (correct)
- Fusion of the sperm and egg membranes
How does the cortical reaction prevent additional sperm from entering the oocyte?
How does the cortical reaction prevent additional sperm from entering the oocyte?
What happens immediately after the sperm enters the oocyte cytoplasm?
What happens immediately after the sperm enters the oocyte cytoplasm?
When is the female pronucleus formed?
When is the female pronucleus formed?
What happens to the sperm head after it enters the oocyte cytoplasm?
What happens to the sperm head after it enters the oocyte cytoplasm?
What marks the completion of fertilization?
What marks the completion of fertilization?
What results from the fusion of the male and female pronuclei?
What results from the fusion of the male and female pronuclei?
What hormone is released by the fetal hypothalamus to initiate the process of parturition?
What hormone is released by the fetal hypothalamus to initiate the process of parturition?
What is the primary role of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in parturition?
What is the primary role of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in parturition?
Where do adrenal cortical steroids travel after being secreted by the fetal adrenal gland?
Where do adrenal cortical steroids travel after being secreted by the fetal adrenal gland?
What effect do adrenal cortical steroids have in the placenta during parturition?
What effect do adrenal cortical steroids have in the placenta during parturition?
What happens as a result of increased estrogen and prostaglandin levels in the uterus during parturition?
What happens as a result of increased estrogen and prostaglandin levels in the uterus during parturition?
What initiates the secretion of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary during parturition?
What initiates the secretion of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary during parturition?
What is the function of oxytocin during parturition?
What is the function of oxytocin during parturition?
Which hormone(s) directly contribute to making the uterus more excitable during parturition?
Which hormone(s) directly contribute to making the uterus more excitable during parturition?
Flashcards
First step in fertilization
First step in fertilization
Sperm penetration of the corona radiata
Acrosomal reaction
Acrosomal reaction
Sperm enzymes digest zona pellucida for penetration
Cortical reaction
Cortical reaction
Prevents polyspermy by changing the zona pellucida
Polyspermy prevention
Polyspermy prevention
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Oocyte's second meiotic division
Oocyte's second meiotic division
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Female pronucleus formation
Female pronucleus formation
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Male pronucleus formation
Male pronucleus formation
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Fertilization completion
Fertilization completion
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Zygote
Zygote
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Parturition initiation
Parturition initiation
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ACTH's role in parturition
ACTH's role in parturition
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Adrenal cortical steroids' function
Adrenal cortical steroids' function
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Estrogen and prostaglandins' effect
Estrogen and prostaglandins' effect
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Oxytocin's role
Oxytocin's role
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Progesterone's role in parturition
Progesterone's role in parturition
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Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
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Oxytocin
Oxytocin
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
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Adrenal Cortical Steroids
Adrenal Cortical Steroids
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Fast Block
Fast Block
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Slow Block
Slow Block
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Perivitelline Space
Perivitelline Space
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Zona pellucida
Zona pellucida
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Study Notes
Fertilization and Parturition
- Fertilization First Step: Sperm penetration of the corona radiata.
- Acrosomal Reaction: Sperm cells attach to zona pellucida receptors, acrosomal enzymes digest zona pellucida.
- Polyspermy Prevention: Cortical reaction. This depolarizes the oocyte membrane (fast block) and creates a perivitelline space in the zona pellucida (slow block).
- Post-Sperm Entry: Oocyte nucleus completes the second meiotic division. The sperm becomes a male pronucleus.
- Fertilization Completion: Fusion of male and female pronuclei to form a zygote.
- Parturition Hormone Initiation: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is released by the fetal hypothalamus.
- ACTH Role: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the fetal adrenal gland to release adrenal cortical steroids.
- Adrenal Cortical Steroid Effect on Placenta: Causes progesterone synthesis to level off and estrogen and prostaglandin synthesis to increase.
- Uterine Excitability Increase: Increased estrogen and prostaglandin levels cause the uterus to become more excitable.
- Oxytocin Release: Stretching of the uterus during labor triggers action potentials initiating oxytocin release from the posterior pituitary.
- Oxytocin Function: Causes uterine smooth muscle contraction.
- Estrogen and Prostaglandins: Direct contributors to increasing uterine excitability.
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