Anatomy 2 Self Created Question Set Part 3

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Questions and Answers

During fertilization, what is the first step in the process?

Acrosomal reaction

Fusion of the sperm and egg membranes

Cortical reaction

Formation of the zygote

Sperm penetration of the corona radiata (correct)

What occurs during the acrosomal reaction?

Formation of the zygote

Depolarization of the oocyte membrane

Sperm cells attach to receptors on the zona pellucida, and acrosomal enzymes digest the zona pellucida (correct)

Fusion of the pronuclei

The oocyte completes the second meiotic division

Which reaction prevents polyspermy?

Completion of meiosis II

Acrosomal reaction

Formation of the male pronucleus

Cortical reaction (correct)

Fusion of the sperm and egg membranes

How does the cortical reaction prevent additional sperm from entering the oocyte?

By depolarizing the oocyte membrane (fast block) and forming a perivitelline space in the zona pellucida (slow block) Signup and view all the answers

What happens immediately after the sperm enters the oocyte cytoplasm?

The oocyte nucleus completes the second meiotic division Signup and view all the answers

When is the female pronucleus formed?

After the oocyte completes the second meiotic division Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the sperm head after it enters the oocyte cytoplasm?

It becomes the male pronucleus Signup and view all the answers

What marks the completion of fertilization?

Fusion of the male and female pronuclei to form a single nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What results from the fusion of the male and female pronuclei?

A zygote Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is released by the fetal hypothalamus to initiate the process of parturition?

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in parturition?

To stimulate the fetal adrenal gland to secrete adrenal cortical steroids Signup and view all the answers

Where do adrenal cortical steroids travel after being secreted by the fetal adrenal gland?

The placenta Signup and view all the answers

What effect do adrenal cortical steroids have in the placenta during parturition?

They cause progesterone synthesis to level off and estrogen and prostaglandin synthesis to increase Signup and view all the answers

What happens as a result of increased estrogen and prostaglandin levels in the uterus during parturition?

The uterus becomes more excitable Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the secretion of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary during parturition?

The stretching of the uterus producing action potentials Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of oxytocin during parturition?

To cause the uterine smooth muscles to contract Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone(s) directly contribute to making the uterus more excitable during parturition?

Estrogen and prostaglandin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fertilization and Parturition

Fertilization First Step: Sperm penetration of the corona radiata.
Acrosomal Reaction: Sperm cells attach to zona pellucida receptors, acrosomal enzymes digest zona pellucida.
Polyspermy Prevention: Cortical reaction. This depolarizes the oocyte membrane (fast block) and creates a perivitelline space in the zona pellucida (slow block).
Post-Sperm Entry: Oocyte nucleus completes the second meiotic division. The sperm becomes a male pronucleus.
Fertilization Completion: Fusion of male and female pronuclei to form a zygote.
Parturition Hormone Initiation: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is released by the fetal hypothalamus.
ACTH Role: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the fetal adrenal gland to release adrenal cortical steroids.
Adrenal Cortical Steroid Effect on Placenta: Causes progesterone synthesis to level off and estrogen and prostaglandin synthesis to increase.
Uterine Excitability Increase: Increased estrogen and prostaglandin levels cause the uterus to become more excitable.
Oxytocin Release: Stretching of the uterus during labor triggers action potentials initiating oxytocin release from the posterior pituitary.
Oxytocin Function: Causes uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Estrogen and Prostaglandins: Direct contributors to increasing uterine excitability.

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Description

Explore the intricate processes of fertilization and parturition in this quiz. Topics include sperm penetration, polyspermy prevention, and hormonal changes during childbirth. Test your understanding of these vital reproductive mechanisms.