Fermented Alcoholic Beverages Quiz
43 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main process involved in the production of alcoholic beverages?

  • Photosynthesis
  • Lactic acid fermentation
  • Anaerobic respiration (correct)
  • Aerobic respiration

Which species of grape is predominantly used in wine production?

  • Vitis rotundifolia
  • Vitis labrusca
  • Vitis riparia
  • Vitis vinifera (correct)

What significant impact did phylloxera have on European grape vines?

  • Improved grape disease resistance
  • Enhanced grape flavor profiles
  • Increased grape yields
  • Devastation to most European grape vines (correct)

Which yeast strain is primarily used in the fermentation of wine?

<p>Saccharomyces ellipsoides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates the production of white wine from red wine?

<p>Grape skins are discarded in the production of white wine. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does it typically take for grapevines to start producing grapes?

<p>Five years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial high sugar liquid extracted from crushed grapes referred to as?

<p>Must (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are European grape varieties now often grafted onto North American rootstock?

<p>To combat pests and pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary ingredient used in the production of bourbon whisky?

<p>Corn mash (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of whisky is known for being smoked-cured over a peat fire?

<p>Scotch whisky (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which beverage is produced by distilling fermented sugar cane juice or molasses?

<p>Rum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes vodka from whisky in terms of aging?

<p>Vodka is not aged, whereas whisky is usually aged. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of whisky is produced primarily in Canada?

<p>Rye whisky (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which alcoholic beverage is traditionally made from the basal stems of the blue agave?

<p>Tequila (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of serving liqueurs before or after a meal?

<p>To stimulate the appetite or aid digestion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum must-weight (MW) required for Qualitatswein besstimmter Anbaugebiete (QbA)?

<p>60 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of wine requires grapes to be produced from the ripest, selectively picked bunches?

<p>Auslese (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary grape variety used in the production of Sherry?

<p>Palomino (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the aging requirement for red Gran Reserva wines in oak casks?

<p>Two years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When producing port, what is added to the partially fermented red wine?

<p>Brandy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of Qualitatswein mit Prädikat (QmP) has a minimum must-weight of 150?

<p>Trockenbeerenauslese (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is used in Sherry production to ensure consistent quality over the years?

<p>Solera method (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of hops in beer production?

<p>To clarify the liquid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique do brewers use to increase alcohol concentration in distilled products?

<p>Distillation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum must-weight for Kabinett wines?

<p>73 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which yeast type is primarily used for producing ales?

<p>Top fermentation yeast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proof of a distilled product that contains 50% alcohol by volume?

<p>100-proof (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following wine varieties is produced from grapes that undergo noble rot?

<p>Trockenbeerenauslese (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of aging wine in the production process?

<p>To enhance flavor and aroma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of wine classification is the most widely exported from France?

<p>AOC (Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions is known for producing Pinot Noir and Chardonnay wines?

<p>Burgundy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Italy, what classification level indicates top-quality wines that are subject to strict government testing?

<p>Denominazione di Origine Controllata (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique characteristic of German wines compared to many others worldwide?

<p>They are primarily white and often sweet. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which grape varieties are specifically used in making Champagne?

<p>Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier, and Chardonnay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the classification of wines in France influence their price?

<p>More specific geographic origins generally lead to higher prices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the German wine classification established in 1971?

<p>Grape quality (sugar content) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Grand Crus from Premier Crus in French wine classifications?

<p>Grand Crus are from single vineyards and are much more expensive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is primarily known for its production of sweet Riesling wines?

<p>Germany (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sediment plug during the Champagne production process?

<p>To control fermentation pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions is NOT considered a major wine-producing area?

<p>Sauvignon, Australia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of wine does the Vin de Pays classification refer to in France?

<p>Wines with specified geographical origin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of filtering wine after fermentation?

<p>To remove residual yeast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions is NOT traditionally associated with the wine industry?

<p>Southern California, USA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Fermentation (in beverages)

A process where fungi (like yeast) break down sugars without oxygen, producing alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Wine grapes (Vitis vinifera)

The main type of grape used to make wine, originally from the eastern Mediterranean.

Phylloxera

A pest insect that devastated European grapevines in the 1800s by attacking their roots.

Winemaking grafting

European grape varieties are grafted onto North American rootstock to resist Phylloxera.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Winemaking must

The juice of crushed grapes, naturally high in sugar, used in wine production.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Wine yeast (Saccharomyces ellipsoides)

A type of yeast used in wine fermentation that can tolerate high alcohol levels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

White wine production

Crushed grapes have skins removed. The clear juice is fermented.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Red wine production

Crushed grapes (with skins) are fermented.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Scotch Whisky

A type of whisky made from barley malt that is smoked-cured over a peat fire for a smoky taste.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Irish Whisky

Similar to Scotch whisky but kiln-dried for a smoother taste.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bourbon Whisky

Made from corn mash with some barley malt, cooked and fermented with beer yeast, gaining unique flavors from bacterial action.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vodka

Distilled from a wheat-barley malt mash, not aged, and has a neutral flavor.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rum

Fermented and distilled from sugar cane juice or molasses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tequila

Fermented from the basal stems (piñas) of the blue agave plant, native to Central America.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Liqueurs

Distilled beverages, often brandy, flavored with herbs, spices, fruits, and sweetened with added sugar.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are some common examples of liqueurs?

Traditional herb-based liqueurs include bénédictine, chartreuse, and jägermeister. Anise-flavored liqueurs include sambuca, pastis, and ouzo. Orange-based liqueurs include cointreau, curaçao, grand marnier, and triple sec. Nut-based liqueurs include amaretto and frangelico.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Free-run wine

The initial liquid tapped off from crushed grapes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pressed wine

Liquid extracted from crushed grapes after free-run wine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Filtering wine

Removing residual yeast after fermentation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Wine aging

Enhancing wine quality and taste through time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

French wine classification

System based on location and reputation, with levels of quality.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vin de Table

Everyday, local-consumption French table wine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vin de Pays

French table wine with specified geographical origin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

AOC (AC)

Highly regulated, exported French wines of high quality, certified origin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Burgundy wine region

Wine region in eastern France known for Pinot Noir, Chardonnay.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bordeaux wine region

Large fine wine region in southwest France, known for red and sweet white wines.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Champagne region

Region in northern France where sparkling wines are produced.

Signup and view all the flashcards

DOCG

Highest level of Italian wine classification; top quality wines.

Signup and view all the flashcards

German Wine Law

1971 German law based on grape quality (sugar content).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deutscher Tafelwein

Basic table wine from Germany.

Signup and view all the flashcards

QbA Wines

German wines with a minimum 'must-weight' of 60 (7.5% alcohol), produced in specific regions with permitted grape varieties.

Signup and view all the flashcards

QmP Wines

German wines with at least 73 'must-weight' (9.5% alcohol), no added sugar, and produced in designated subregions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Kabinett Wine

A QmP wine with a minimum MW of 73, resulting in a medium-dry, light wine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spätlese Wine

A QmP wine with at least 85 MW, made from grapes harvested after the normal period, leading to slightly sweet wines.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Auslese Wine

A QmP wine with a minimum MW of 90, made from selectively chosen ripe grapes, resulting in a sweet wine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Beerenauslese Wine

A QmP wine with a minimum MW of 120, made from individually picked, overripe grapes, creating very sweet 'dessert' wines.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Trockenbeerenauslese Wine

A QmP wine with a minimum MW of 150, made from grapes that have dried on the vine with noble rot, resulting in extremely sweet and expensive wines.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gran Reserva Wine

Spanish red wine aged for two years in oak and three years in the bottle; white and rosé are aged for four years, including half a year in oak. The best-known are from Rioja.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sherry Wine

A type of fortified wine from the Cadiz-Seville region of Spain, made from the Palomino grape and known for its strong, blended flavors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Solera System

A multi-year blending process for Sherry, where younger wines are added to older barrels, ensuring consistent quality over time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Port Wine

A fortified wine from Portugal's Duoro River region made by adding brandy to partially fermented red wine, stopping the fermentation and resulting in a sweet wine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vintage Port

Port made only in exceptional grape-growing years, usually 3 out of every 10 years.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Barley Malt

Germinated barley seeds used as the main starch source in beer production, containing the enzyme amylase for converting carbohydrates into sugars.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Fermented Alcoholic Beverages

  • Fermentation is anaerobic respiration by yeasts, breaking down sugars into alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide.
  • Yeast fermentation is used in bread-making and alcoholic beverage production.

Wine

  • Wine is made from fermented grape juice.
  • Most wine grapes are Vitis vinifera, originating in the eastern Mediterranean.
  • Some cold-hardy varieties are hybrid crosses with North American grape species.
  • Grapes take 5 years to mature, with older vines producing better wine.
  • Ancient Romans trained grape vines on branches. Modern viticulture involves pruning.
  • Grape varieties are vegetatively propagated (clonally) for genetic uniformity.
  • Approximately 50 grape varieties are used, but only 10 are considered classic.
  • Grapes face pests like fungal mildews and phylloxera (an aphid).
  • European grape varieties are grafted onto North American rootstock to combat phylloxera.

White Wine

  • Grapes are destemmed and crushed.
  • Crushed grapes are pressed horizontally to extract juice.
  • Skins are discarded.
  • Must is pumped into a fermentation vat.

Red Wine

  • Grapes are destemmed and crushed (only red grapes).

  • Crushed grapes and skins are pumped into a vat.

  • Fermentation lasts ~2 weeks; all sugars are metabolized.

  • Free-run wine is extracted, followed by a pressing of skins for additional liquid.

  • Additional liquid (high in tannins) is added to free-run wine.

  • Wines are filtered to remove yeast. Bottled, corked, and aged.

  • Aging is important, especially for red wines.

Global Wine Industry

  • Over 25 million acres of vineyards worldwide.
  • Major producers include France, Italy, US (California), Australia, South Africa, and South America (Chile/Argentina).
  • Wine grapes grown in warmer regions like Okanagan, Canada.

Wine Production Countries: France

  • Pioneered quality control and labeling laws.
  • Classification system based on location and reputation.
  • Classifications include: Vin de Table, Vin de Pays, VDQS, and AOC (highly supervised).
  • AOC wines are further classified by geographical location, vineyard, or single vineyards (most expensive).
  • Famous regions: Burgundy, Bordeaux, Champagne.

Wine Production Countries: Italy

  • Wine laws introduced in 1963, with 3 classifications.
  • Classifications include Vino de Tavola, DOC, and DOCG.
  • DOCG wines are highly regarded and exported.
  • Examples: Barolo, Barbaresco, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Chianti Classico.

Wine Production Countries: Germany

  • Most German wines are white, often sweet, and lower in alcohol (9-11%).
  • Wine production restricted to warmer southwest regions.
  • Wine Law (1971) based on grape quality (sugar content).
  • Classifications include: Deutscher Tafelwein, Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete (QbA), Qualitätswein mit Prädikat (QmP).
  • QmP wines further classified based on maturity (sweetness): Kabinett, Spätlese, Auslese, Beerenauslese, Trockenbeerenauslese.

Wine Production Countries: Spain

  • Third largest wine-producing country in Europe.
  • Gran Reserva (red: 2 years cask, 3 years bottle; white/rosé: 4 years total, including half in cask)
  • Sherry (Jerez): southern Spain, blends of palomino grapes aged in the solera system.

Wine Production Countries: Portugal

  • Major producer of fortified wine, port, produced near the Duoro River.
  • Port made by adding brandy to partially fermented red wine.
  • Aged in barrels (up to 50 years).

Beer

  • Beer produced from starch sources (barley malt is principal).
  • Other ingredients include sugar, hops, and beer yeast.
  • Production steps:
    • Germinate malt barley seeds.
    • Mash with carbohydrate addition and hot water.
    • Boil wort with hops.
    • Cool wort and add beer yeast for fermentation.
  • Two types of brewer's yeast: top ferments, bottom ferments.
  • Beer filtered and aged; commonly artificially carbonated.

Distillation

  • Increases alcohol concentration beyond fermentation limits.
  • Distillation involves boiling fermented mash, capturing alcohol vapor.

Distilled Alcoholic Products

  • Brandy: Distilled wine, aged in wood.
  • Whiskey: Aged distillates of grain ferments, aged in white oak barrels (Scotch, Irish, Bourbon, Rye).
  • Vodka: Distilled wheat-barley malt mash.
  • Rum: Fermented and distilled sugar cane juice or molasses (Puerto Rican, Jamaican).
  • Tequila: Fermented agave plant stems, traditionally involves an agave "worm".
  • Liqueurs: Distilled beverages flavored with herbs, spices, fruit, and sugar (e.g., bénédictine, chartreuse, Jägermeister, sambuca, amaretto, frangelico).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your knowledge on the fermentation process and explore the fascinating world of wine production. This quiz covers key concepts, from yeast fermentation to grape varieties used in winemaking. Dive into the history and science of one of the world's oldest and most beloved beverages.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser