Questions and Answers
What is fermentation?
A process that produces ATP without the use of oxygen.
Where does fermentation take place?
In the cytoplasm, and begins with glycolysis.
Why would a cell need fermentation?
Some simple organisms like bacteria and yeast cannot carry on aerobic respiration because they lack the enzymes and/or mitochondria for the aerobic part of the reactions.
What is glycolysis?
Signup and view all the answers
What does fermentation begin with?
Signup and view all the answers
In the absence of oxygen, fermentation releases energy from
Signup and view all the answers
Muscle cells in animals can survive for a limited time in the anaerobic phase of cellular respiration, but
Signup and view all the answers
Anaerobic respiration breaks down glucose to either
Signup and view all the answers
What is anaerobic respiration?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two types of fermentation?
Signup and view all the answers
The end product depends on the type of
Signup and view all the answers
What is produced in lactic acid fermentation?
Signup and view all the answers
As a result of lactic acid fermentation:
Signup and view all the answers
The 2 pyruvic acids (3 carbon each) are changed to 2 lactic acids (3 carbons each) with a total net gain of
Signup and view all the answers
Alcoholic Fermentation: Yeast
Signup and view all the answers
How does yeast produce alcohol and carbon dioxide?
Signup and view all the answers
What causes bread to rise?
Signup and view all the answers
In anaerobic respiration, how many ATP are produced from each molecule of glucose?
Signup and view all the answers
Lactic acid and alcohol still contain most of the chemical bond energy of the
Signup and view all the answers
What are the end products?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Overview of Fermentation
- Fermentation is a process that generates ATP anaerobically, without oxygen.
- It occurs in the cytoplasm and starts with glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose into two pyruvic acid molecules.
Function and Importance
- Essential for organisms like bacteria and yeast that lack the necessary enzymes and mitochondria for aerobic respiration.
- Provides an alternative means for cells to produce ATP when oxygen is unavailable, known as anaerobic respiration.
Glycolysis and Pyruvic Acid
- Glycolysis converts glucose into two pyruvic acid molecules, setting the stage for fermentation.
- Fermentation utilizes these pyruvic acids to generate ATP without oxygen.
Energy Release During Fermentation
- In the absence of oxygen, energy is released from food molecules, mainly glucose.
- Muscle cells can temporarily rely on anaerobic respiration but must eventually obtain oxygen to continue aerobic processes.
Types of Anaerobic Byproducts
- Anaerobic respiration can result in two main products: lactic acid or alcohol and carbon dioxide.
- This variability depends on the organism undergoing fermentation.
Types of Fermentation
-
Lactic Acid Fermentation:
- Converts glucose into 2 lactic acids and generates 2 ATP.
- Occurs in animal muscle cells, especially during fatigue, and in some bacteria.
- Important for dairy product production (milk, cheese, yogurt).
-
Alcoholic Fermentation:
- Conversion of glucose to 2 ethyl alcohol, 2 CO2, and 2 ATP by yeast.
- Crucial for alcoholic beverages and baking processes.
ATP Production and Efficiency
- Only 2 ATP are produced per glucose molecule during anaerobic respiration.
- Lactic acid and alcohol produced still retain most of the energy from the original glucose.
Bread and Fermentation
- Carbon dioxide produced during alcoholic fermentation is responsible for causing bread to rise.
Conclusion
- The end products of fermentation still hold significant chemical energy, yet cells can function adequately with the ATP produced, satisfying their energy needs.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the fascinating process of fermentation with these flashcards. Learn about anaerobic respiration, where it occurs, and why it's essential for certain organisms like yeast and bacteria. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of this critical biological process.