69 Questions
What is the function of the endometrium?
The lining of the uterus
Where are female sex cells stored?
Ovaries
What is released during ovulation?
Mature egg
Which statement about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is true?
They can lead to infertility in females.
What is the correct term for fluid-filled sacs that form on the ovaries?
Ovarian cysts
Which of the following is NOT a part of the female reproductive system?
Prostate gland
Which condition is described as a rare, but potentially fatal, bacterial infection that can affect many parts of the body?
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
Which statement about breast cancer is true?
It is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in females.
Where does fertilization usually take place in the female reproductive system?
Fallopian Tubes
Which organ is responsible for releasing a mature egg each month?
Ovaries
What is the primary function of the uterus?
To house and support the developing baby
What role does the cervix play in the female reproductive system?
It acts as the opening of the uterus.
What is the function of the vagina in the female reproductive system?
To act as the birth canal and the exit for menstrual blood
What has contributed to the dramatic decrease in the number of cervical cancer deaths in the US over the past 40 years?
Introduction of the HPV vaccine
What percentage of females diagnosed with cervical cancer each year are from low-income countries?
80%
How many females worldwide die from cervical cancer each year?
300,000
What is the most critical need in the fight against cervical cancer in low-income countries?
Access to Pap tests and HPV vaccines
Why is early detection of cervical cancer important?
It allows doctors to remove abnormal cells before cancer spreads
What organization reports the need to address cervical cancer worldwide?
World Health Organization (WHO)
What is a key component in educating communities about cervical cancer?
Effective communication
What should be included in a poster about cervical cancer prevention?
Information on HPV vaccination and Pap test availability
What happens during ovulation?
Release of a mature egg from an ovarian follicle
What triggers menstruation?
Decline in progesterone and estrogen
At which stage does the endometrium thicken and develop more blood vessels?
Follicular phase
What is the function of progesterone after ovulation?
To stimulate endometrial growth and maintain pregnancy
When does menopause typically occur?
In a female's late 40s or early 50s
What is menarche?
The first menstrual cycle
Which hormone is primarily responsible for thickening the endometrium in the first half of the menstrual cycle?
Estrogen
What marks the end of the luteal phase?
Menstruation
What is a major complication of endometriosis?
Infertility
During which phase are the endometrial glands starting to form?
Follicular phase
What is the primary purpose of the thickening of the endometrium?
To prepare the uterus for potential pregnancy
Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)?
High fever
What treatment options are available for endometriosis?
Hormone therapy
What term describes severe PMS that interferes with daily life?
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of menstrual irregularities?
Constipation
In endometriosis, where does the endometrial tissue grow?
Outside the uterus
Which emotional symptom is associated with PMS?
Irritability
Which of the following is a characteristic of menorrhagia?
Excessive menstrual bleeding
What can females do to reduce the risk of STIs?
Abstain from sexual activity
What type of underwear is recommended to maintain female reproductive hygiene?
Cotton
Which direction should females wipe the urethral and vaginal area after urinating?
Front to back
What should females avoid using to clean the vagina?
Douches
Why is it important for females to wash their hands after using the bathroom?
To avoid spreading bacteria
Which menstrual hygiene product is reusable?
Menstrual cup
What material are tampons usually made of?
Cotton or similar absorbent materials
Which action is NOT a necessary step for maintaining hygiene of the female reproductive system?
Using deodorant sprays
What is the external opening of the vagina called?
Vaginal opening
Where does the uterus connect with the vagina?
Cervix
During menstruation, which part extends downward on each side of the vaginal opening?
Labia majora
Which structure contains mammary glands?
Breasts
What is the tube-like structure about 3 inches long that extends from the labia to the cervix?
Vagina
What is the darkly colored area surrounding the nipple called?
Areola
What causes the clitoris to become engorged and lead to an orgasm?
Blood flow into erectile tissue
What is the function of the labia minora?
Protecting the vaginal opening
Which organ transports eggs from the ovaries to the uterus?
Fallopian tubes
Why is the vagina sometimes called the birth canal?
It is the passage through which a baby is born
What change in the body causes menstruation?
Shedding of the uterine lining
What is the difference between ovarian cysts and ovarian cancer?
Ovarian cysts are benign, ovarian cancer is malignant
Why should females wipe from front to back after urinating?
To prevent urinary tract infections
What type of doctor specializes in female reproductive health?
Gynecologist
Why might some teens feel awkward or uncomfortable seeking reproductive healthcare?
Because they mistakenly think it's different from any other body part's care.
What is one of the benefits of talking about reproductive healthcare?
It makes you feel empowered and encourages others to seek reliable information.
Where might you find information about reproductive healthcare services?
Doctors, schools, and healthcare organizations
Who can you talk to for answers about your reproductive health and making healthcare appointments?
A school nurse
What rights do minors have in many states regarding reproductive health services?
They can consent to certain reproductive health services like STI testing and treatment.
What should you research about minors' rights to reproductive health services in your state?
Minors' rights to consent to different reproductive health services
What symptoms might indicate that a person should seek reproductive healthcare?
Persistent reproductive health symptoms that may be early signs of a health condition
What is a way to share answers about reproductive healthcare with others?
Creating a public service announcement
Study Notes
The Female Reproductive System
Organs of the Female Reproductive System
- The female reproductive system consists of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina.
- Ovaries:
- Produce female sex cells (eggs or ova)
- Release a mature egg each month
- Produce sex hormones estrogen and progesterone
- Fallopian Tubes:
- Connect ovaries to uterus
- Allow egg to travel to uterus
- Fertilization usually occurs in fallopian tube
- Uterus:
- Hollow, muscular organ where baby develops
- Walls contract during childbirth to expel baby
- Cervix:
- Opening of uterus
- Connects uterus to vagina
- Vagina:
- Muscular, tube-like structure
- Birth canal
- Allows for sexual intercourse and menstruation
Menstrual Cycle
- Sequence of body changes coordinated by hormones estrogen and progesterone
- Occurs every month
- Stages:
- Follicular phase: Estrogen stimulates endometrial growth
- Ovulation: Release of mature egg from ovary
- Luteal phase: Progesterone stimulates endometrial growth
- Menstruation: Shedding of endometrial lining if pregnancy does not occur
Menstrual Disorders
- Menstrual irregularities:
- Lack of menstrual flow
- Irregular bleeding
- Excessive, painful, or long-lasting bleeding
- Changes in mood
- Premenstrual syndrome (PMS):
- Symptoms: breast tenderness, bloating, fatigue, backaches, headaches, constipation, diarrhea, food cravings, joint and muscle pain
- Emotional symptoms: irritability, anxiety, depression
- Endometriosis:
- Condition where endometrial tissue grows outside uterus
- Causes: pelvic pain, diarrhea, constipation, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia
- Complications: infertility
Diseases and Disorders
- Cervical cancer:
- Screening: Pap test
- Prevention: HPV vaccine
- Global health: access to technologies influences rates of cervical cancer
- Breast cancer:
- Second leading cause of cancer deaths in females
- Toxic shock syndrome (TSS):
- Rare, potentially fatal bacterial infection
- Affects many parts of the body
Caring for the Female Reproductive System
- Maintain hygiene:
- Shower or bathe regularly
- Wear cotton or breathable underwear
- Change underwear daily
- Wipe from front to back after urinating
- Menstrual hygiene products:
- Pads
- Tampons
- Menstrual cups
- Seeking reproductive healthcare:
- Knowing how to seek reproductive healthcare is a valuable skill
- Researching answers to questions about reproductive health
- Talking to a trusted adult or healthcare provider
Learn about the female reproductive system, its organs, the menstrual cycle, and how to care for it. Identify diseases and disorders related to the system.
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