Female Reproductive System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the secondary oocyte if it is not fertilized after ovulation?

  • It completes meiosis II.
  • It transforms into a corpus luteum.
  • It degenerates. (correct)
  • It undergoes apoptosis.
  • At what stage does meiosis II of the secondary oocyte halt?

  • Prophase II
  • Telophase II
  • Anaphase II
  • Metaphase II (correct)
  • Which structure is formed after the ovulation of a Graafian follicle?

  • Corpus luteum (correct)
  • Corpus albicans
  • Secondary follicle
  • Primordial follicle
  • What is the role of the corpus luteum during early pregnancy?

    <p>It produces progesterone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure involves a fluid-filled space that forms a central antrum?

    <p>Secondary follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of follicle cells in the ovaries?

    <p>To provide support and nutrition to the oocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the structure surrounding the oocyte?

    <p>Zona pellucida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not take place?

    <p>It breaks down and becomes the corpus albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for producing estrogen in the ovaries?

    <p>Thecal cells and granulosa cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How large are the ovaries typically?

    <p>2 cm in length and 1 cm in width</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the fimbriae in the uterine tubes?

    <p>To sweep the oocyte into the uterine tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the uterus is situated superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes?

    <p>Fundus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does the endometrium thicken and new glands form?

    <p>Proliferative phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What layer of the uterus is shed during menstruation?

    <p>Stratum functionalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long after ovulation does fertilization typically occur?

    <p>Within 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the histological layer made up of simple columnar epithelium and endometrial glands?

    <p>Endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures help in moving the oocyte along the uterine tube?

    <p>Cilia and muscle contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myometrium in the uterus?

    <p>It contracts during labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cervical glands?

    <p>To secrete mucus that blocks sperm entry except during midcycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms an incomplete partition near the vaginal orifice?

    <p>Hymen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Bartholin's glands?

    <p>To provide lubrication for the vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the structure of the vagina?

    <p>A thin-walled tube with three distinct coats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the female external genitalia refers to the fatty pad over the pubic symphysis?

    <p>Mons pubis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical significance of the suspensory ligaments in the breast?

    <p>They support the breast and prevent sagging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the lactiferous ducts function in the mammary glands?

    <p>They carry milk to the nipple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical term for the area between the vagina and the anus?

    <p>Perineum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many primary oocytes are typically present at birth?

    <p>2 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure forms from the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>Corpus albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase is the primary oocyte arrested before puberty?

    <p>Prophase I of meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage does ovulation occur in the female reproductive cycle?

    <p>Secondary oocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of most oogonia after they are produced during fetal development?

    <p>They undergo atresia and degenerate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the growth and maturation of primordial follicles each month?

    <p>FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the polar body during oogenesis?

    <p>It is formed during the division of primary oocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the majority of primary oocytes as women age?

    <p>They degenerate and are lost.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of total mature eggs that typically develop in a woman's life?

    <p>400-500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diploid number of chromosomes in human oogonia?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Female Reproductive System

    • Females produce a limited number of egg cells, unlike males who create sperm throughout their lives.
    • Oogonia are germ cells in the ovaries that differentiate into primary oocytes during early fetal development.

    Oogonia Development

    • Oogonia undergo mitosis, resulting in about 7 million primary oocytes by the fifth month of pregnancy, most of which will degenerate.
    • At birth, approximately 1 million primordial follicles remain, decreasing to around 400,000 at puberty.
    • Only about 400 to 500 oocytes will mature throughout a woman's lifetime.

    Ovarian Cycle

    • The ovarian cycle consists of monthly changes, including the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase.
    • Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulates the maturation of primordial follicles and the release of the egg is triggered by Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
    • If fertilization doesn't occur, the corpus luteum degenerates within two weeks, forming corpus albicans.

    Oogenesis Process

    • Oogenesis includes stages of mitosis and meiosis, with primary oocytes halting in prophase I until puberty.
    • At birth, 200,000 to 2 million primary oocytes are present; only 40,000 remain at puberty, of which about 400 will mature.
    • Monthly hormonal signals trigger the resumption of meiosis I, leading to the release of the secondary oocyte during ovulation.

    Follicle Development Stages

    • Primordial follicle: single layer of squamous epithelial cells surrounding the oocyte.
    • Primary follicle: two or more layers of cuboidal granulosa cells.
    • Secondary follicle: develops a fluid-filled space (antrum) among granulosa cells.
    • Graafian follicle: the most mature stage, bulging from the ovary's surface.
    • Corpus luteum: post-ovulation structure that produces progesterone to maintain the uterine lining.

    Histology and Anatomy of Ovaries

    • Ovaries function as solid, ovoid organs, about 2 cm in length.
    • Follicle cells support oocyte maturation, while thecal and granulosa cells work together to produce estrogen.
    • Zona pellucida is a glycoprotein layer that surrounds the oocyte for protection.

    Uterine Structure

    • The uterus is a thick-walled organ located in the pelvis, divided into the body, fundus, and isthmus.
    • Endometrium (inner layer) is critical for implantation, comprising a functional layer (shed during menstruation) and a basal layer (rebuilds each month).
    • Myometrium is muscular, facilitating contractions, while the perimetrium is the visceral peritoneum covering the exterior.

    Cervical Anatomy

    • The cervix serves as the narrow lower neck of the uterus, connecting the uterine body and vagina.
    • Cervical glands produce mucus, which can block sperm entry except during ovulation.

    Vagina Structure

    • The vagina is a thin-walled tube connecting the cervix to the body exterior, consisting of three tissue layers: adventitia, muscularis, and mucosa.
    • The hymen forms an incomplete partition near the vaginal opening.

    External Genitalia

    • Mons pubis is the fatty pad over the pubic symphysis.
    • Labia majora and minora encircle the vestibule, where the urethral and vaginal openings are located.
    • Clitoris is a small mass of erectile tissue, while the bulb of the vestibule consists of erectile tissue near the vaginal opening.

    Bartholin's Glands

    • Located at each side of the vaginal opening, they secrete lubricating fluid.
    • Duct obstruction can lead to Bartholin's cyst.

    Mammary Glands

    • Modified sweat glands responsible for milk production during lactation.
    • Lactiferous ducts open at the nipple, and the areola is the pigmented area surrounding the nipple.
    • Suspensory ligaments connect the breast to pectoral muscles, which can sag with age.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the female reproductive system, focusing on egg cell production, oogonia development, and the ovarian cycle. This quiz will cover key concepts including hormone roles and the stages of oogenesis. Perfect for students in biology classes or anyone interested in human anatomy.

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