Female Genital System Diseases

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of anogenital warts?

Skin to skin contact

Vertical transmission

Fecal-oral transmission

Sexually transmitted (correct)

Which type of vaginitis is characterized by a gray fishy smell discharge?

Trichomonas vaginalis

Candida albicans

Chlamydial infection

Bacterial vaginosis (correct)

What is the primary cause of chronic cervicitis?

Hormonal imbalance

Cervical laceration during labor (correct)

Sexually transmitted infections

Poor personal hygiene

What is the characteristic of cervical erosion?

The external os appears intense red and bleeds easily on touch Signup and view all the answers

What is the grade of CIN that affects the lower half of the epithelium?

Grade II Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Comdyloma Lata?

It is seen in secondary syphilis and is flat with minimal elevation Signup and view all the answers

What is the next stage after severe dysplasia in Grade III cervical cells?

Invasive carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for carcinoma of the cervix?

HPV 16, 18, 31 and 33 Signup and view all the answers

What is endometriosis characterized by?

Presence of endometrial glands or stroma outside the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of endometriosis?

Cyst formation filled with blood Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of abnormal uterine bleeding?

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the theory that explains endometriosis as a result of backflow of endometrial tissue during menstruation?

Regurgitation theory Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom in postmenopausal women with endometrial changes?

Marked leucorrhea and irregular bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of inflammation of the fallopian tube?

Bacterial infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tumor that arises from totipotent germ cells?

Cystic teratoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the benign tumor type that makes up 90% of teratomas?

Mature benign cystic teratoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tumor that is composed mainly of thyroid tissue?

Struma ovarii Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of immature malignant teratoma?

Presence of immature tissue as bone, cartilage, muscles, and nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

Hormonal disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is endometrial hyperplasia due to?

Prolonged unremitting estrogen stimulation Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an endometrial polyp?

It is a benign tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a leiomyoma?

It is a benign tumor arising from smooth muscle cells Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the growth of leiomyoma?

Estrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for leiomyoma?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Female Genital System Conditions

Condylomas: Ano-genital warts, primarily sexually transmitted.
- Condyloma Lata: Found in secondary syphilis; flat lesions in moist areas.
- Condyloma Acuminata: Caused by HPV types 6 and 11; can be papillary or flat, potentially associated with intraepithelial neoplasia.
Vaginitis: Inflammation of the vagina with various causes.
- Bacterial Vaginosis: Bacterial infection characterized by a gray, fishy-smelling discharge.
- Candida Albicans: Fungal infection (monilial) presenting with white discharge.
- Trichomonas Vaginalis: Protozoal infection with gray-green, frothy discharge and unpleasant odor.
Chronic Cervicitis: Persistent inflammation of endocervical glands.
- Often results from labor-associated cervical laceration.
- Pathological manifestations:
  - Mucopurulent discharge: Known as leucorrhea.
  - Cervical erosion: Intense red appearance of external os; easily bleeds on touch.
  - Retention follicles (Nabothian cysts): Blocked cervical glands form cystic swellings.
  - Cervical polyps: Growths in the cervix.
  - Ectropion of cervix: Eversion of cervical lips due to tears and fibrosis.

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Grade I: Mild dysplasia; affects the lower third or fourth of the epithelium.
Grade II: Moderate dysplasia; affects the lower half with symptoms like leucorrhea and postmenopausal irregular bleeding.
Grade III: Severe dysplasia; cells markedly atypical; involves all epithelial layers leading to invasive carcinoma.

Fallopian Tube Inflammation

Salpingitis: Inflammation due to bacterial infections like Gonorrhea and Chlamydia; may cause obstruction and infertility.

Ovarian Conditions

Non-neoplastic Conditions:
- Follicle cysts
- Luteal cysts
- Polycystic ovary
- Chocolate cyst of endometriosis
Neoplastic Conditions:
- Serous tumors
- Mucinous tumors
- Endometrioid tumors
- Cystadenofibroma
- Cystic teratoma: Arises from totipotent germ cells; prevalent in youth.
  - Mature Benign Teratoma: Comprises 90% of teratomas, usually lined with skin-like epithelium and filled with various tissues.
  - Immature Malignant Teratoma: Seen in younger individuals, contains immature tissues like muscle and nerve.

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding

Characterized by bleeding without an organic lesion; often linked to hormonal disorders.
- Causes include anovulatory cycles, inadequate luteal phases, and high estrogen oral contraceptives.

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Caused by extended estrogen stimulation; classified as:
- Mild (simple)
- Moderate (adenomatous)
- Severe (atypical); commonly occurs in the perimenopausal period.

Endometrial Polyps

Can be small (sessile) or large (pedunculated); may lead to uterine bleeding.
Histological features include a fibrovascular core covered by columnar epithelium.

Leiomyomas (Uterine Fibroids)

Benign tumors originating from myometrial smooth muscle cells; most prevalent in reproductive-aged females.
Growth stimulated by estrogen; size may decrease post-menopause.
Rarely undergo malignant transformation to leiomyosarcoma, typically found in ages 55-65.
Risk factors include obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), infertility, and breast cancer.

Carcinoma of the Cervix

Malignant tumors classified into:
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Adenocarcinoma
- Mixed Adenosquamous Carcinoma
Risk factors involve CIN grade III or severe dysplasia, HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33), early sexual intercourse, and multiple sexual partners.
Potential complications include infections, vaginal bleeding, and fistula formation between cervix and nearby organs.

Endometriosis

Presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus; common sites include ovaries, ligaments, rectovaginal wall, and more.
Theories explaining pathogenesis:
- Regurgitation Theory: Backflow of menstrual tissue.
- Metaplastic Theory
- Blood/Lymphatic Spread Theory
Complications may involve hemorrhage, cyst formation, and reproductive issues related to ovarian endometriosis (chocolate cyst).

Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Conditions contributing to abnormal bleeding include abortion, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, endometritis, endometriosis, hyperplasia, leiomyoma, cervical polyps, and cancers of the cervix and endometrium.

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Description

This quiz covers various diseases and infections affecting the female genital system, including condylomas, vaginitis, and their types. It's essential for medical students and healthcare professionals to understand the definitions, causes, and symptoms of these diseases. Test your knowledge and identify the different types of condylomas and vaginitis.