Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic feature of a cephalhematoma?
What management step is recommended for seborrheic dermatitis ('cradle cap')?
What is a common symptom of hydrocephalus in infants?
What is the appropriate position for a child after a VP shunt procedure?
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What complication should be monitored for in a patient with hydrocephalus?
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Which of the following is true about cephalhematomas?
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What is the main cause of seborrheic dermatitis in infants?
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Which symptom is NOT typically associated with hydrocephalus in older children?
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What is a common symptom associated with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN)?
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Which of the following is a complication of acute glomerulonephritis?
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In the context of AGN, what is the significance of monitoring serum potassium levels?
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What is indicated by the presence of smoky urine in a patient with acute glomerulonephritis?
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Which of the following types of spina bifida is considered the most dangerous?
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What is a common sign observed in spina bifida occulta?
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What dietary adjustments should be made for a patient with acute glomerulonephritis?
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What is a potential consequence of decreased folic acid intake during pregnancy?
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Which personality trait is characterized by a desire to change the status quo among adolescents?
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What is a crucial adjustment that must occur immediately after birth?
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Which of the following methods should be used first for clearing the airway of a neonate?
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What is the potential consequence of prolonged and deep suctioning in neonates?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the immediate cares for newborns during their first days of life?
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What should be done to facilitate drainage when suctioning a neonate?
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What should be monitored to ensure effective airway patency in a neonate?
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What should be done after deep suctioning if it is not effective?
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What primary factor contributes to a preterm baby's inability to regulate temperature?
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Which of the following is NOT a process of heat loss in newborns?
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Which of the following is the earliest sign indicating hypothermia in a baby?
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What effect does hypothermia have on blood glucose levels?
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Which intervention is a preventive measure against hypothermia in newborns?
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What role does prolactin play in breast milk production?
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What is the function of oxytocin during breastfeeding?
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Why are newborns at higher risk for kernicterus?
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What condition can result from excessive oxygen administration?
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What mechanism should be avoided when dealing with meconium-stained amniotic fluid?
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What initiates lung circulation in a newborn?
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How is the foramen ovale catabolized postnatally?
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What is the correct order of blood flow through the fetal circulatory system?
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What percentage of blood is shunted from the right atrium to the left atrium via the foramen ovale?
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What should be observed in a normal infant's cry?
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In which position should a newborn ideally be placed to facilitate proper circulatory adjustments?
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Study Notes
Female Development and Adolescent Traits
- Breast and female genitalia size continues to increase until age 18.
- Adolescents often exhibit traits such as idealism, rebelliousness, reformative attitudes, body image consciousness, and a desire for adventure.
Adolescent Problems
- Common issues faced by adolescents include vehicular accidents, smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction, and premarital sex.
Immediate Care of Newborns
- Critical care in the first days includes ensuring proper respiration, circulation, temperature control, nourishment, waste elimination, infection prevention, and fostering parent-infant relationships.
Initiation and Maintenance of Respiration
- Initial airway establishment is crucial; most neonatal deaths within 24 hours stem from respiratory failure.
- Techniques for airway initiation involve clearing secretions with a bulb syringe and catheter suctioning.
Establishing Extra Uterine Circulation
- Lung expansion and umbilical cord clamping initiate and complete circulation.
- Feto-placental circulation illustrates blood flow from the placenta to right atrium, with shunts (ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus) facilitating efficient circulation.
Hypothermia and Temperature Regulation
- Newborns are susceptible to hypothermia due to their immature thermoregulatory systems.
- Processes of heat loss include evaporation, conduction, convection, and radiation; early signs of hypothermia include increased respiratory rate.
Nutritional Intake and Breastfeeding
- Newborns require breastfeeding soon after birth; colostrum is vital for immunity and nutrition.
- Prolactin is released post-delivery, stimulating milk production through suckling and oxytocin release.
Newborn Conditions
- Cephalhematoma: Blood collection due to ruptured capillaries; appears after 24 hours, does not cross suture lines, resolves in 4-6 weeks.
- Seborrheic Dermatitis: Known as cradle cap; presents as salmon-colored patches, managed with proper hygiene and oil treatments.
- Hydrocephalus: Excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); symptoms include large head, bulging fontanels, and high-pitched cries. Management may involve shunting procedures to reduce ICP.
Senses and Neurological Development
- Assessment of sensory systems should include symmetry checks and recognition of abnormal signs in perception and function.
- Open Neural Tube Defects are linked to folic acid deficiency; spina bifida includes types such as occulta and cystica, with consequential risks varying by severity.
Complications in Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN)
- AGN presents with symptoms like proteinuria, hematuria, and hypertension; management focuses on monitoring weight, BP, electrolyte levels, and dietary adjustments.
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Description
This quiz explores female development during adolescence, covering the growth of genitalia and breasts up to age 18. It also addresses common adolescent issues such as substance abuse and vehicle accidents, along with essential care techniques for newborns, highlighting the importance of respiratory health and parent-infant bonding.
