Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR)

• Feline diseases include FVR CP

FVR - Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis

• Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis is also known as Feline Herpes Virus
• Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis is also known as FHV-1
• Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis is a DNA virus, Herpesviridae
• The incubation period is 2 - 6 days
• The transmission of Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis by direct contact, aerosol, and fomites
• Clinical signs of FVR
• Frequent mild or severe sneezing is a common sign of FVR
• Common signs of FVR include Lethargy and Conjunctivitis / rhinitis
• Keratoconjunctivitis sicca and Facial dermatitis are possible signs of conjunctivitis
• Pyrexia is a common sign of FVR
• A less common sign of FVR is a harsh cough
• Discharges caused by FVR may be so copious that they seal the mouth and nose
• Mouth breathing can be observed as a result of FVR
• 80% of recovered cats become carriers of FVR and the virus leads to latent infection
• Diagnosis of FVR is based on history, clinical signs, and virus isolation, including serology
• Treatment of FVR includes supportive care, fluids, mucolytics, and antibiotics
• Treatmenr can also include Lysine, vaccination if naïve, and Acyclovir, an antiviral
• Susceptible cats can contract the virus & become carriers, shedding the virus for 4-11 days
• Stressor can induce shedding in FVR carriers
• Cats with acute FVR can make a clinical recovery or develop chronic sequelae
• 80% of cats with FVR become carriers and the virus may go latent with no evidence of self-limiting
• Vaccination is a common prevention for FVR

Feline CaliciVirus

• Feline CaliciVirus is also known as FCV, Feline Influenza
• Feline CaliciVirus is a non-enveloped DNA virus
• Feline CaliciVirus transmission occurs by direct contact, aerosol, and fomites
• Incubation period is 2 – 6 days, like FVR
• Feline CaliciVirus has multiple serologically-related strains
• FCV clinical signs include acute fever, inappetance, salivation, and depression
• Ulcers in the mouth, serous rhinitis, and conjunctivitis are clinical signs of FCV
• Diagnosis of FCV is based on history, clinical signs, and laboratory testing with serology and PCR
• Treatment for FCV includes supportive care and nursing, specifically removal of discharges
• Vaccination can prevent FCV

Feline Panleukopenia

• Feline Panleukopenia is also known as FPLV, FPV, Feline Infectious Enteritis, and Feline Distemper
• Feline Panleukopenia is a non-enveloped DNA virus with one serotype
• There are 6 recognized strains of Feline Panleukopenia
• Feline Panleukopenia transmittion occurs via direct / indirect contact and aerosol
• Feline Panleukopenia is part of the Parvovirus family
• Feline Panleukopenia can be passed transplacentally if the queen is infected, or MLV is used when pregnant
• The incubation period for Feline Panleukopenia is 3-7 days
• The epidemiology of Feline Panleukopenia indicates a worldwide distribution
• Feline Panleukopenia affects multiple species of the families Felidae, Procyonidae, Mustelidae, and Viveridae
• In utero early in gestation, Fetal death and possible infertility of the queen can occur
• Mid-late gestation leads to abortion of mummified fetuses
• Near term or up to 10 days results in Cerebellar hypoplasia, Optic nerve atrophy and Retinal dysplasia
• Older unvaccinated kittens get Viremia resulting in bone marrow, intestine, and lymphoid tissues infection
• Vaccinated cats experience subclinical infections
• Clinical signs of Feline Panleukopenia in general include lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea
• Severe dehydration, fever and GI dysfunction can occur
• Leukopenia and Neutropenia develop first with bone marrow suppression and lymphopenia
• Clinical signs of Feline Panleukopenia in Neonates of infected mothers:
• Appear in kittens infected late in gestation or up to 10 days after birth
• Ataxia, Abnormal placement of legs, Tumbling or rolling over
• Possible vision problems and Nystagmus
• Intention tremors of the head and symptoms will persist for life
• Clinical signs of Feline Panleukopenia in young unvaccinated cats relating to acute infection:
• After incubation, fever, depression, and anorexia is observed.
• Persistent vomiting follows the fever spike, bile tinge,
• Diarrhea develops a few days later where there will be Severe, fetid, blood stain
• Abdomen painful upon palpation in the intestines which are thickened and rope-like, or Fluid and gas filled
• Clinical signs of Feline Panleukopenia in young unvaccinated cats relating to severe acute infection:
• Progressive weakness, hypothermia and dehydration can occur
• Mild icterus, Necrotic stomatitis, Cutaneous hemorrhages and skin sloughing is seen
• Secondary bacterial infections and possible death from dehydration, endotoxemia or DIC may result
• Possible recovery with supportive therapy
• Clinical signs of Feline Panleukopenia in vaccinated or recovered cats:
• Only mild fever, Depression, Diarrhea, and Painful abdomen will occur
• Symptoms last for 1-3 days, with rapid recovery
• Differential diagnosis of CBC: Panleukopenia 500-3000 WBC/ml
• Normal WBC is 6000-10,000/ml with Absolute neutropenia and no left shift
• Differential diagnosis of CBC also yields Thrombocytopenia and Nonregenerative anemia
• Differential Diagnosis of Serum chemistry yields: Increased ALT, AST, Bilirubin, and BUN
• Diagnosis if Feline Panleukopenia is determined by history, clinical signs, and lab tests
• Helpful Lab tests include Fecal ELISA, Fluorescence antibody, and Serum antibody
• Helpful Lab test also include PCR, Virus isolation, and Histopathology tests
• The value from lab tests is often not realized in time
• Treatment for Feline Panleukopenia includes supportive care.
• Treatment can also include Fluids & Electrolytes as well as Plasma or Blood Transfusion.
• Administering antiemetics and controlling V & D can treat Feline Panleukopenia
• Parenteral antibiotics are administered, appetite stimulants can combat Hypoglycemia
• Sanitation is important as the virus can persist in the environment for years and it's resistant to chemicals
• Chlorhexidine, ammonium, and betadine will not kill Feline Panleukopenia
• Bleach at a dilution of 1:32 is effective at killing Feline Panleukopenia
• Vaccination is an effective method of prevention for Feline Panleukopenia