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Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of negative feedback mechanisms?
What is a characteristic of negative feedback mechanisms?
- They promote small adjustments over long periods of time. (correct)
- They are generally less stable than positive feedback mechanisms.
- They cause large fluctuations in body variables.
- They lead to extreme changes in short periods.
Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism?
Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism?
- Blood pressure regulation
- Sweating to cool the body
- Blood clotting after an injury (correct)
- Shivering to generate heat
Most variables in the human body are controlled by positive feedback mechanisms.
Most variables in the human body are controlled by positive feedback mechanisms.
False (B)
What happens when homeostasis is not maintained?
What happens when homeostasis is not maintained?
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What is anatomical position?
What is anatomical position?
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The ear is ______ to the eye.
The ear is ______ to the eye.
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The ear is ______ to the nose.
The ear is ______ to the nose.
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Study Notes
Feedback Mechanisms in the Body
- Negative feedback mechanisms reduce deviation from a set point, promoting stability. They act to counteract changes in the body, keeping conditions like body temperature within a functional range.
- Body temperature fluctuates around 98.6°F, with specific points marking the limits for normal functioning—indicated by arrows in visual diagrams.
- When body temperature drops below a certain threshold, the brain triggers heat production mechanisms (e.g., shivering).
- If body temperature exceeds a defined limit, the brain initiates heat loss responses (e.g., sweating) to regulate temperature.
Positive vs. Negative Feedback
- Positive feedback mechanisms promote extreme changes over short periods, contrasting negative feedback's gradual adjustments.
- Positive feedback can result in significant physiological responses such as blood clotting, where a rapid release of clotting chemicals occurs during bleeding to quickly form a clot.
- Most physiological variables rely on negative feedback due to its stability and effectiveness in maintaining homeostasis.
- Examples of positive feedback include labor during childbirth and blood clotting, where fast responses are necessary to achieve quick outcomes.
Homeostasis and Disease
- Homeostasis imbalance can link directly to disease and illness, often accentuated by aging as physiological processes become less efficient.
- Aging can lead to the breakdown of structures, illustrated by joint tissue degradation in arthritis.
- In autoimmune disorders, negative feedback mechanisms can be overridden by positive feedback responses, resulting in the immune system attacking its own cells.
Anatomical Terms and Directional References
- Understanding anatomical position and directional terms is crucial for accurate communication in clinical and laboratory settings.
- Example of directional terminology: the ear is lateral to the eye, while the eye is medial to the ear.
- Accurately describing body parts relative to a point of origin is vital in anatomy and patient communication.
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