Feedback Amplifiers and Oscillators
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the feedback network in a feedback amplifier?

  • To adjust the operating frequency of the amplifier.
  • To filter out noise from the output signal.
  • To sample the output signal and feed it back to the input. (correct)
  • To amplify the input signal.
  • In a feedback amplifier with positive feedback, what happens to the gain of the amplifier?

  • The gain increases exponentially. (correct)
  • The gain stays the same.
  • The gain becomes unstable.
  • The gain decreases.
  • What is the relationship between the gain of the basic amplifier (A) and the gain of the feedback amplifier (Af) in negative feedback?

  • $Af = A(1+Aβ)$
  • $Af = A + Aβ$
  • $Af = rac{A}{1+Aβ}$ (correct)
  • $Af = Aβ$
  • What is the primary difference between a series mixer and a shunt mixer in feedback amplifiers?

    <p>Series mixers combine the feedback signal with the input signal in series, while shunt mixers combine them in parallel. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the sampler in a feedback amplifier?

    <p>To sample a portion of the output signal and feed it back to the input. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using feedback in amplifiers?

    <p>It can improve the stability, bandwidth, and noise performance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the feedback gain in decibels for a feedback amplifier with a voltage gain (A) of 100 and a feedback factor () of 0.01?

    <p>$20 \log(101)$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of feedback amplifier has its output signal sampled as current and the mixing is in series?

    <p>Current Series Feedback Amplifier (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of series mixing on the input impedance of a feedback amplifier?

    <p>Increases input impedance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the transconductance of a current series feedback amplifier?

    <p>Transconductance with feedback is always less than transconductance without feedback. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does feedback influence the input impedance of a voltage series feedback amplifier?

    <p>Input impedance is increased due to series mixing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly represents the formula for transconductance with feedback in a current series feedback amplifier?

    <p>$G_m_f = \frac{G_m}{(1+\beta G_m)}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of a voltage series feedback amplifier regarding its signal sampling and mixing?

    <p>Voltage sampling and series mixing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does feedback affect the output impedance of a Current Series Feedback Amplifier?

    <p>Output impedance decreases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for input impedance with feedback in a Voltage Shunt Feedback Amplifier?

    <p>$R_{mf} = \frac {V_o}{I_s}= rac {V_o}{I_i+I_F}= rac{V_o}{I_i + \beta V_o}= rac { rac{V_o}{I_i}}{1+\beta rac{V_o}{I_i}}= rac{R_m}{(1+\beta R_m)}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the feedback factor (β) represent in the context of negative feedback amplifiers?

    <p>The amount of signal fed back from the output to the input. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the voltage gain with and without feedback in an amplifier with negative feedback?

    <p>Gain with feedback is always less than the gain without feedback. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between bandwidth and feedback in an amplifier?

    <p>Feedback increases the amplifier's bandwidth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does series feedback affect the input resistance of an amplifier?

    <p>Series feedback increases the input resistance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of negative feedback on distortion in an amplifier?

    <p>Negative feedback reduces distortion by a factor of 1/(1+Aβ). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of shunt feedback on the input resistance of an amplifier?

    <p>Shunt feedback decreases the input resistance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the feedback factor (β) in the equation for amplifier gain with feedback, $A_f = \frac{A}{1+A\beta}$?

    <p>To determine the amount of signal fed back from the output to the input. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does negative feedback affect the output resistance of an amplifier?

    <p>Negative feedback decreases the output resistance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition does the gain of an amplifier with negative feedback primarily depend on the feedback network?

    <p>When the gain without feedback (A) is very large, such that Aβ &gt;&gt; 1. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of negative feedback on the noise in an amplifier?

    <p>It reduces noise by a factor of 1 + Aβ. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary condition for sustained oscillations in an oscillator circuit?

    <p>The loop gain must be equal to 1. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common application of oscillators?

    <p>Amplifying weak signals in audio circuits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between sensitivity and desensitivity in the context of negative feedback amplifiers?

    <p>Desensitivity is the reciprocal of sensitivity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two primary conditions for sustained oscillations, as defined by the Barkhausen criteria?

    <p>The loop gain must be 1 and the total phase shift must be 0° or 360°. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements best describes the effect of negative feedback on an amplifier's performance?

    <p>Negative feedback decreases gain and improves linearity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Hartley oscillator, the tank circuit provides a phase shift of:

    <p>180 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for sustained oscillations in a Colpitts oscillator?

    <p>$hfe = rac{C_2}{C_1}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT necessary for sustained oscillations?

    <p>A Wien Bridge Network (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the frequency of oscillation in an RC phase shift oscillator?

    <p>$f = rac{1}{2\pi RC \sqrt{6}}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the amplifier in a Wien Bridge oscillator?

    <p>To amplify and filter the signal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the initial thermal noise in oscillator circuits?

    <p>To provide a starting point for oscillations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of oscillator does the tank circuit provide a phase shift of 180 through a combination of two capacitors?

    <p>Colpitts oscillator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum gain required from the amplifier for sustained oscillations in a Wien Bridge oscillator?

    <p>3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Feedback Amplifier

    A circuit that samples and feeds back output signals to the input.

    Positive Feedback

    Feedback in phase with source signal that increases gain exponentially.

    Negative Feedback

    Feedback out of phase with source signal that reduces gain.

    Gain (A)

    The measure of an amplifier's ability to increase signal strength.

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    Feedback Ratio (β)

    The portion of the output signal fed back to the input.

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    Feedback Signal (Vf)

    The sampled output signal either in current or voltage form.

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    Bandwidth

    The range of frequencies over which the amplifier operates effectively.

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    Stability in Amplifiers

    The ability of an amplifier to maintain its performance over time or varying conditions.

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    Voltage Shunt Feedback Amplifier

    An amplifier where output voltage is sampled and mixed in shunt.

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    Input Impedance with Feedback

    Increased input impedance due to feedback, shown as R_m/(1 + βR_m).

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    Voltage Gain with Feedback

    The gain is adjusted to Af = A/(1 + Aβ), stabilizing output.

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    Desensitivity of Transfer Gain

    Total gain sensitivity reduced by feedback, calculated as 1 + Aβ.

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    Noise Reduction in Amplifiers

    Negative feedback reduces noise power by a factor of 1 + Aβ.

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    Distortion Reduction with Feedback

    Reduces distortion in output to D_f = D/(1 + Aβ).

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    Feedback Factor (β)

    A coefficient that represents the portion of output fed back to input.

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    Open Loop Voltage Gain (A_v)

    The voltage gain of the amplifier without any feedback applied.

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    Loop Gain (Aβ)

    The product of voltage gain (A) and feedback factor (β); describes feedback effect.

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    Feedback Gain (dB)

    Measurement of feedback expressed in decibels; uses logarithmic formulas.

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    Feedback Amplifier Types

    Categorized based on output signal sampling (voltage/current) and input signal mixing (series/shunt).

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    Voltage Series Feedback Amplifier

    Samples output voltage and mixes in series; increases input impedance (Z_i) and decreases output impedance.

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    Current Series Feedback Amplifier

    Samples output current and mixes in series; input impedance increases; also known as transconductance amplifier.

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    Transconductance with Feedback

    Transconductance adjusted by feedback; changes behavior in relation to input and output signals.

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    Current Shunt Feedback Amplifier

    Samples output current and mixes in shunt; current is the monitored output parameter.

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    Output Impedance Calculation

    Determined by applying voltage at the output; it’s the voltage-current ratio.

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    Bandwidth (BW)

    The frequency range where amplifier gain is over 70.7% of maximum.

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    Bandwidth without feedback

    Calculated as BW = f_h - f_l, where f_h and f_l are the high and low frequencies.

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    Bandwidth with feedback

    Increased bandwidth, calculated as BW_f = BW (1+Aβ).

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    Negative Feedback Effect on Input Resistance (Series)

    Increases input resistance: R_if = R_i (1+Aβ).

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    Negative Feedback Effect on Input Resistance (Shunt)

    Decreases input resistance: R_if = R_i / (1+Aβ).

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    Negative Feedback Effect on Output Resistance

    Decreases output resistance with increased load resistance.

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    Oscillator

    A circuit that produces periodic waveforms without an input signal.

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    Barkhausen Criteria for Sustained Oscillations

    Conditions: Loop gain |Aβ| = 1 and phase shift around the loop is 0° or 360°.

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    Loop Gain

    The product of gain and feedback in an oscillator, important for oscillation sustenance.

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    Phase Shift

    The difference in phase between output and feedback signals, must be 0° or 360° for oscillations.

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    Thermal Noise

    Random motion of free electrons due to thermal energy that initiates oscillations.

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    LC Oscillator

    An oscillator using inductor and capacitor to generate oscillations with a specific frequency.

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    Hartley Oscillator

    An LC oscillator type using an amplifier for a 180° phase shift and a tank circuit for another 180°.

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    Colpitts Oscillator

    An LC oscillator that achieves phase shift using two capacitors in the tank circuit.

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    RC Phase Shift Oscillator

    An oscillator using resistors and capacitors, producing phase shifts for frequency generation.

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    Wien Bridge Oscillator

    An oscillator that uses a Wien bridge network and requires an amplifier gain of at least 3 for oscillation.

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    Study Notes

    Feedback Amplifiers

    • Feedback amplifiers are circuits where output signal is sampled and fed back to the input.
    • Basic parameters like input impedance, current gain, and voltage gain can be adjusted by feedback.
    • Feedback can significantly alter bandwidth.
    • Feedback can be categorized as positive or negative.
    • Positive feedback results in regenerative feedback where the output increases exponentially.
    • Negative feedback is a stabilizing feedback type resulting in decreased output gain.
    • Negative Feedback stabilizes gain and increases bandwidth, diminishing distortion and noise and modifying input/output impedance as needed.

    Types of Feedback Amplifiers

    • <summary>Voltage feedback</summary>Current shunt feedback amplifier
    • Voltage shunt feedback amplifier
    • Current series feedback amplifier

    Oscillators

    • Oscillators are circuits producing periodic waveforms without an input signal.
    • Positive feedback results in oscillations.
    • Used for signal generation in electronic circuits at desired frequencies.

    Applications of Oscillators

    • Local oscillators for transforming RF to IF signals in receivers.
    • Sweep circuits in TV sets and CROs.
    • Generating RF carriers in transmitters.
    • Clock signals.

    Types of Oscillators

    • Classification based on waveform (sinusoidal or non-sinusoidal).
    • Classification based on circuit components (e.g., RC, LC crystal).
    • Classification by operating frequency range (low frequency (LF) or high frequency (HF)).
    • Classification based on feedback method (positive or negative feedback).

    Conditions for Oscillations - LC Oscillator

    • Loop gain magnitude should be 1.
    • Total phase shift around the loop should be 0⁰ or 360⁰.
    • Both these conditions should be met for sustained oscillations.

    Conditions for Oscillations - Hartley Oscillator

    • Use tank circuit with coil to produce oscillations.
    • Frequency (f) calculated by 1/(2π√LC).

    Conditions for Oscillations - Colpitts Oscillator

    • Use capacitances to produce oscillations.
    • Frequency calculated by 1/(2π√LC).

    Conditions for Oscillations - Wien Bridge Oscillator

    • Use RC circuit to produce oscillations.
    • Frequency calculated by 1/(2πRC√3).

    Effect of Negative Feedback on Amplifier Characteristics

    • Increased stability
    • Decreased distortion
    • Increased bandwidth
    • Sensitivity in gain
    • Reduced output resistance

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    Related Documents

    Unit 3: Feedback Amplifiers PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers feedback amplifiers and oscillators, focusing on the principles of feedback, its types, and how it influences circuit behavior. Learn about the different types of feedback amplifiers, including voltage and current configurations. Additionally, explore the role of positive feedback in creating oscillations.

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