Federalism in Government

Study Notes

Understanding Federalism

Federalism is a system of multi-tiered government with shared-rule and regional self-rule.
In federal systems, power is constitutionally distributed between federal and state governments, with neither subordinate to the other.
Each government level derives sovereign powers from the constitution, allowing direct interaction with its citizens.

Ethiopian Federalism

Ethiopian federalism seeks to reconcile ethnic diversity with political unity, addressing the needs of its diverse multi-ethnic groups.
A shift from a highly centralized unitary state to a federal structure began in 1995 to better manage ethnic diversity.
The idea of “one nation, one government” has historically failed to recognize the importance of diversity.

Features of Ethiopian Federalism

Power division exists between state and federal governments, essential for the functioning of the federal system.
The Ethiopian constitution regulates intergovernmental relations, clearly delineating federal, state, and concurrent powers.
The constitution mandates mutual respect for each other's powers, limiting jurisdictional overlap.

Legislative Structure

Ethiopia has a bicameral legislature with two houses: the House of People's Representatives and the House of Federation.
The House of People's Representatives is the supreme political body, ensuring representation for various ethnic groups, with larger groups gaining more representatives based on population.

Challenges to Ethiopian Federalism

Federalism in Ethiopia faces challenges including balancing unity with ethnic diversity, defining the boundaries of national self-determination, and addressing the interplay between individual and collective rights.
Despite successes, issues such as the rising number of states that coincide with different ethnicities add complexity to governance.

Case Study: Lower Omo Basin Flood

A significant flood in the Lower Omo Basin caused by heavy rains led to loss of life and displacement.
The federal government intervened to assist victims, highlighting federalism's role in disaster response.
Community response included support from various organizations and religious institutions, emphasizing collective action in the face of challenges.

Citizenship and Rights

Ethiopian federalism acknowledges the rights and responsibilities of diverse nations and nationalities.
The constitution underlines the importance of recognizing and accommodating the unique interests of distinct ethnic communities.

Description

Test your understanding of federalism, a system of government that combines shared-rule and regional self-rule. Learn about the characteristics of federations and how they differ from other forms of government. This quiz is based on the 10th grade Citizenship Education Student Textbook.