Fear of Flying Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What did Pavlov's pioneering research primarily focus on?

  • Biological constraints on operant conditioning
  • Basic principles of classical conditioning (correct)
  • Constraints on classical conditioning
  • Applications of operant conditioning

    • What did Thorndike's Law of Effect emphasize?

  • The schedules of reinforcement
  • The consequences of behavior (correct)
  • The antecedent conditions for learning
  • The principles of shaping and chaining

    • In the context of learning, what does observational learning primarily involve?

  • Antecedent conditions for responding
  • Cognition in classical conditioning
  • Escape and avoidance conditioning
  • Learning through observing others' behaviors (correct)

    • What did the chapter outline primarily focus on?

    <p>Learning and adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of learning does classical conditioning involve?

    <p>Associative learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Ivan Pavlov initially study before becoming a renowned physiologist?

    <p>Theology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Pavlov observe while studying digestion in dogs?

    <p>The dogs' digestive processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does acquisition refer to in classical conditioning?

    <p>The period during which a response is being learned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of classical conditioning?

    <p>Pairing a conditioned stimulus (CS) with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) in classical conditioning?

    <p>The neutral stimulus (CS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is each pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus called in classical conditioning?

    <p>Learning trial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically required during acquisition in classical conditioning to establish a strong conditioned response?

    <p>Multiple pairings of CS and UCS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Pavlov find regarding the speed of a tone becoming a conditioned stimulus (CS) in classical conditioning?

    <p>It became a CS more rapidly with a greater amount of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key adaptive function of classical conditioning?

    <p>Alerting organisms to stimuli signaling important events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Pavlov's discovery of classical conditioning regarded in the history of psychology?

    <p>As among the most important in the history of psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is habituation?

    <p>A decrease in response strength to a repeated stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is habituation related to adaptation?

    <p>It represents adaptation to the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sensitization?

    <p>An increase in the strength of response to a repeated stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is sensory adaptation different from habituation?

    <p>It refers to a decreased sensory response to a continuously present stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is classical conditioning?

    <p>A learning process where an organism associates two stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which learning mechanisms are universal among humans and some occur across countless species?

    <p>Habituation and sensitization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cross-cultural research highlight about the impact of culture on learning?

    <p>Culture's impact on learning is not surprising as learning represents adaptation to the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which species does classical conditioning occur?

    <p>Mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, sea snails, and insects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has expanded the understanding of learning?

    <p>The resurgence of the cognitive perspective and interest in biological factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sensitization?

    <p>To increase responses to a potentially dangerous stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of culture on learning according to cross-cultural research?

    <p>Culture's impact on learning is significant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does habituation occur across, according to the text?

    <p>From humans to dragonflies and sea snails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pairing usually results in the most rapid conditioning?

    <p>Forward short-delay pairing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the reappearance of a previously extinguished CR after a rest period and without new learning trials?

    <p>Spontaneous recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What weakens and eventually eliminates the CR when the CS is repeatedly presented without the UCS?

    <p>Extinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where stimuli similar to the initial CS elicit a CR?

    <p>Stimulus generalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pairing produces less rapid conditioning?

    <p>Simultaneous pairing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of conditioning may require only one CS-UCS pairing, leading to fear response like in a car accident?

    <p>Intense and aversive conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the organism's response not only to the original CS, but also to similar stimuli?

    <p>Stimulus generalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signals the impending arrival of the UCS?

    <p>Forward pairing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the greater the stimulus similarity, the greater the chance that a CR will occur?

    <p>Stimulus generalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the dog's increased likelihood to salivate to a new tone slightly different in pitch?

    <p>Generalization gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What requires multiple sessions due to spontaneous recovery in practical applications such as treatment of phobias?

    <p>Extinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fear (UCR) becoming the CR triggered by the sight of cars or the thought of driving after a single intense UCS pairing?

    <p>Conditioned response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of air passengers experience fear when flying?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the sources of fear when flying mentioned in the text?

    <p>Unusual sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are traditional methods to overcome fear when flying mentioned in the text?

    <p>Drugs and hypnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Captain Marc-Antoine Plourde's DePlour Training Centre located?

    <p>Montreal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the two-day course at DePlour Training Centre include?

    <p>Seminars on pilot training and aircraft design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Captain Marc-Antoine Plourde demonstrate using a model of an Airbus A330?

    <p>Aircraft design and safety measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the claimed satisfaction rate of the program at DePlour Training Centre?

    <p>94%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many people out of 500 have failed to take the 'liberty flight' after the course at DePlour Training Centre?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who else runs a similar program in the US, according to the text?

    <p>Captain Tom Bunn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the chapter explore in terms of learning processes?

    <p>Basic learning processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered in the study of learning, according to the text?

    <p>Observational learning and the role of cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did behaviorists historically define learning?

    <p>A process of personal adaptation to the ever-changing circumstances of our lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overcoming Fear of Flying with DePlour Training Centre

    • 20% of air passengers experience fear when flying, with 3% experiencing panic, causing them to avoid air travel completely
    • Fear stems from various sources including media reports, unusual sounds, turbulence, and a loss of control
    • Traditional methods to overcome fear include drugs, hypnosis, and self-help recordings, with limited success
    • Captain Marc-Antoine Plourde's DePlour Training Centre in Montreal offers a two-day course to reduce fear of flying
    • The course includes seminars on pilot training, aircraft design, and maintenance, as well as a flight simulator experience
    • Plourde demonstrates aircraft design using a model of an Airbus A330, intentionally breaking the wing to showcase safety measures
    • The program claims a 94% satisfaction rate and only four out of 500 people have failed to take the "liberty flight" after the course
    • Captain Tom Bunn, who runs a similar program in the US, emphasizes the emotional anxiety of flying despite its safety
    • Learning is a process that leads to a relatively enduring change in an organism's behavior or capabilities
    • The chapter explores basic learning processes including habituation, sensitization, classical conditioning, and operant conditioning
    • Observational learning and the role of cognition in conditioning are also considered in the study of learning
    • Behaviourists historically defined learning as a process of personal adaptation to the ever-changing circumstances of our lives, focusing on how organisms learn and adapt to the environment

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    Learning and Adaptation: The Role of Experience PDF

    Description

    Overcoming Fear of Flying Quiz: Test your knowledge about fear of flying and effective training methods. Learn about Captain Marc-Antoine Plourde's DePlour Training Centre in Montreal and its approach to reducing fear, as well as the fundamental learning processes involved in overcoming anxiety. Explore the impact of media, unusual sounds, and loss of control on fear, and discover how observational learning and cognition play a role in conditioning.

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