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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of the ring in RPR technology?

  • It is a fully distributed network with no master node (correct)
  • It only allows uni-cast packets
  • It has a fixed number of nodes that cannot be added or removed
  • It has a master node that manages bandwidth allocation

    • What kind of traffic does a node process in RPR technology?

  • Only exit traffic
  • Exit, ingress, and transit traffic (correct)
  • Only control packets
  • Only ingress traffic

    • What is the purpose of the bandwidth algorithm in RPR technology?

  • To control high-priority packet transmission
  • To manage node addition and removal
  • To manage MAC addresses
  • To control low-priority packet transmission (correct)

    • What happens to uni-cast packets in RPR technology?

    <p>They are stripped from the ring and do not consume bandwidth on downstream spans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about control packets in RPR technology?

    <p>They do not need a destination or source address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to packets with a non-matching destination address in RPR technology?

    <p>They are allowed to continue circulating around the ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do RPR packets differ from Ethernet packets?

    <p>RPR packets undergo minimal processing per hop on a ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Receive Decision in RPR technology?

    <p>To receive packets with a matching MAC destination address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology does the MNG-PAN solution support for efficient Ethernet aggregation?

    <p>MPLS-TP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of the MNG-PAN network?

    <p>Low power consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of the MNG-PAN transport network?

    <p>Scalability and reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of the packet nature of the MNG-PAN network?

    <p>Better utilization at the aggregation level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the MNG-PAN network's OAM capability?

    <p>End-to-end service management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of the MNG-PAN network's resilience?

    <p>Sub-50ms failure recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the MNG-PAN switches?

    <p>99.999% reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of the MNG-PAN transport network's packet aggregation?

    <p>Optimized packet aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a standard that the MNG-PAN transport network is compliant with?

    <p>ITU-T MPLS-TP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the MNG-PAN switches?

    <p>To collect and hand over customer traffic to IP-MPLS core network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the EMS deployed at NOC/DR-NoC?

    <p>To centrally manage the MNG-PAN switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of network deployed in 98 cities for aggregating the Metro IP Traffic?

    <p>RPR technology based Aggregation Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many RPR based switches are deployed as Metro Aggregation?

    <p>Around 1200 RPR based switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of the MPLS based IP Network?

    <p>QoS features with four different classes of traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of Core routers deployed from different vendors in different locations?

    <p>4 Core routers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the aggregation network?

    <p>To collect and hand over customer traffic to IP-MPLS core network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of service providers in building networks?

    <p>To deliver profitable value-added services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology can meet the requirements of scalable, feature-rich networks?

    <p>RPR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of MNG-PAN and OC-PAN switches?

    <p>To collect customer traffic and handover to IP-MPLS core network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of services are being carried by RPR networks?

    <p>Voice, video, and data services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required bridge technology for network transition?

    <p>RPR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of networks are being accessed through DSL, FTTH, MSAN, 3G Node B, Wi-Max etc?

    <p>Broadband networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of RPR technology?

    <p>To meet the requirements of scalable, feature-rich networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the IP-MPLS core network?

    <p>To receive customer traffic from MNG-PAN and OC-PAN switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of spatial reuse in RPR technology?

    <p>Bandwidth is consumed only between the source and destination nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the topology supported by RPR technology?

    <p>Scalable topologies of more than 100 nodes per ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of control messages in RPR technology?

    <p>To carry control messages for topology updates, protection, and bandwidth control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does RPR technology utilize the available ring bandwidth?

    <p>By utilizing both fibers to transport working traffic between nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the transit buffer in RPR nodes?

    <p>To temporarily hold lower-priority packets while transmitting higher-priority packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does RPR technology prioritize packets?

    <p>By transmitting high-priority packets before those of low priority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fibers used in RPR technology?

    <p>Ringlets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of control message flow in RPR technology?

    <p>In the opposite direction of the traffic they represent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of RPR's spatial reuse?

    <p>Reduced bandwidth consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for an RPR ring to be protected after a span failure?

    <p>50 ms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of MNG-PAN?

    <p>It's a packet-based network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of topology discovery in RPR?

    <p>To automatically add and remove nodes from the topology map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical scalability range of RPR system throughputs?

    <p>80 Gbps to 320 Gbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of RPR's multicast feature?

    <p>One multicast packet can be transmitted around the ring and received by multiple nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of high-priority service in RPR?

    <p>To deliver high-priority packets with minimal jitter and latency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology does MNG-PAN incorporate for transport network?

    <p>MPLS-TP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the MNG-PAN switches?

    <p>To collect customer traffic from Broadband networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reliability of the MNG-PAN switches?

    <p>99.999%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Core routers are deployed from different vendors in different locations?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the EMS deployed at NOC/DR-NoC?

    <p>To centrally manage MNG-PAN switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of traffic does the MNG-PAN switch handle?

    <p>Transparently handle IPV6 traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the aggregation network?

    <p>To aggregate the traffic from various network elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of network deployed in 98 cities for aggregating the Metro IP Traffic?

    <p>RPR technology based Aggregation Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many RPR based switches are deployed as Metro Aggregation?

    <p>1200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the COAU switch in the PAN ring?

    <p>To aggregate traffic from all the PAN nodes and hand over to the IP-MPLS core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many LAN switches are deployed in the Network for OC City Aggregation?

    <p>3000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the MNG-PAN and OC-PAN switches?

    <p>To connect to BNG or MPLS routers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network is supported by the MNG-PAN solution?

    <p>Ethernet network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the OC-PAN ring?

    <p>To aggregate traffic from all nodes and hand over to the upper MNG-PAN ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the MNG-PAN switches?

    <p>To connect to BNG or MPLS routers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the MPLS-TP Termination?

    <p>To terminate service at the edge of each domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tunnels can be used for hand-off to core over?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are service providers trying to build in their networks?

    <p>Scalable, feature-rich networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of services are being carried by RPR networks?

    <p>Voice, video, and data services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of MNG-PAN and OC-PAN switches?

    <p>To collect and hand over customer traffic to IP-MPLS core network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required bridge technology for network transition?

    <p>RPR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of networks are being accessed through DSL, FTTH, MSAN, 3G Node B, Wi-Max etc?

    <p>Broadband networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the IP-MPLS core network?

    <p>To receive customer traffic from MNG-PAN and OC-PAN switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of service providers in building networks?

    <p>To deliver profitable value-added services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology can meet the requirements of scalable, feature-rich networks?

    <p>RPR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the technology that supports efficient Ethernet aggregation in MNG-PAN network?

    <p>MPLS-TP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the feature of MNG-PAN network that provides end-to-end and multi-layer OAM?

    <p>End-to-end and multi-layer OAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of MNG-PAN transport network in terms of bandwidth utilization?

    <p>Bandwidth Efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of interfaces supported by MNG-PAN network?

    <p>Up to 10GE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of low power consumption in MNG-PAN transport network?

    <p>Lower TCO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard that MNG-PAN transport network is compliant with?

    <p>ITU-T MPLS-TP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the feature of MNG-PAN network that provides carrier-class reliability?

    <p>Fully redundant hardware architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of MNG-PAN transport network in terms of management?

    <p>Manageability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the outer ring in an RPR ring topology?

    <p>To carry control messages for topology updates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of RPR's spatial reuse?

    <p>It allows bandwidth to be consumed only between source and destination nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the transit buffer in RPR nodes?

    <p>To temporarily hold lower-priority packets while transmitting higher-priority packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about control messages in RPR technology?

    <p>They flow in the opposite direction of the traffic they represent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of RPR's automatic topology discovery mechanism?

    <p>It increases the scalability of the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does RPR technology differentiate between packet priority?

    <p>By transmitting high-priority packets before low-priority packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fibers used in RPR technology?

    <p>Ringlets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the control messages in RPR technology?

    <p>To carry topology updates and protection information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum time it takes for an RPR ring to be protected after a span failure?

    <p>50 ms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of topology discovery in RPR technology?

    <p>To automatically add and remove nodes from the topology map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of RPR's multicast feature?

    <p>It allows multiple nodes to receive packets simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical scalability range of RPR system throughputs?

    <p>80-320 Gbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of high-priority service in RPR?

    <p>To deliver packets with minimal jitter and latency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology does MNG-PAN incorporate for transport network?

    <p>MPLS-TP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of RPR's spatial reuse?

    <p>It allows bandwidth to be used on multiple idle spans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do RPR nodes process failed spans?

    <p>They adjust their topology maps to avoid the failed span</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the MNG-PAN switches in the BSNL Network?

    <p>To collect customer traffic from various access Broadband networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reliability of the MNG-PAN switches?

    <p>99.999%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of traffic does the MNG-PAN switches handle transparently?

    <p>IPV6 traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the aggregation network deployed in MPLS based network prior to PAN switches?

    <p>To converge data, voice and video applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many RPR based switches are deployed as Metro Aggregation?

    <p>1200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the EMS deployed at NOC/DR-NoC?

    <p>To manage the MNG-PAN switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network is deployed in 98 cities for aggregating the Metro IP Traffic?

    <p>RPR technology based network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the MNG-PAN or OC-PAN switches in the BSNL Network?

    <p>To hand over customer traffic to IP-MPLS core network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Central Office Aggregation Unit (COAU) switch in the PAN ring?

    <p>To aggregate traffic from all the PAN nodes and hand over to the IP-MPLS core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the OC-PAN ring?

    <p>To aggregate traffic from all nodes and hand over to the upper MNG-PAN ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of LAN switches deployed in the Network for OC City Aggregation (OCLAN)?

    <p>3000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the MNG-PAN switch in the network?

    <p>To connect to BNG or MPLS routers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the MPLS-TP Termination?

    <p>To terminate service at the edge of each domain and hand over traffic to UNI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of the bridging functionality between MPLS-TP and IP/MPLS domains?

    <p>It enables internetworking between the two domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the OC-PAN and MNG-PAN switches?

    <p>To connect to BNG or MPLS routers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the IP-MPLS core network?

    <p>To receive traffic from the PAN nodes and hand over to the IP/MPLS core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary technology used in the MNG-PAN solution for efficient Ethernet aggregation?

    <p>MPLS-TP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the MNG-PAN network's resilience?

    <p>Sub-50ms recovery resiliency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of the MNG-PAN transport network?

    <p>Lower power consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of the packet nature of the MNG-PAN network?

    <p>Better utilization at the aggregation level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of the MNG-PAN network's OAM capability?

    <p>End-to-end service management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the MNG-PAN network?

    <p>Supports electrical and optical Ethernet interfaces up to 10GE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the MNG-PAN transport network?

    <p>Compliance with ITU-T MPLS-TP standard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of the MNG-PAN transport network's resilience?

    <p>Faster fault isolation and simple management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of spatial reuse in RPR technology?

    <p>Increased bandwidth utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does RPR technology utilize the available ring bandwidth?

    <p>By using both fibers to transport working traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of control messages in RPR technology?

    <p>To update network topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does RPR technology determine the priority of packets?

    <p>Based on packet priority level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fibers used in RPR technology?

    <p>Ringlets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction do control messages flow in RPR technology?

    <p>In the opposite direction of traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the transit buffer in RPR nodes?

    <p>To store packets temporarily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the topology supported by RPR technology?

    <p>Dual counter rotating fiber ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the bandwidth-control algorithm in RPR?

    <p>To manage congestion and maximize spare capacity usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do nodes on the RPR ring learn about each other's MAC addresses?

    <p>By circulating topology discovery messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of protection messages in RPR?

    <p>To notify nodes of a failed span and initiate protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the mechanism that moves packets away from a failed span by wrapping traffic to the other fiber?

    <p>Wrapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of the topology discovery mechanism in RPR?

    <p>It enables nodes to dynamically learn about each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the steering mechanism in RPR?

    <p>To notify all nodes on the ring of a failed span</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of the bandwidth-control algorithm in RPR?

    <p>It enables nodes to maximize spare capacity usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of RPR's spatial reuse?

    <p>It allows multiple nodes to share the same bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the MNG-PAN switches?

    <p>To collect customer traffic from various access Broadband networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reliability of the MNG-PAN switches?

    <p>99.999%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of traffic does the MNG-PAN switch transparently handle?

    <p>IPv6 traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the aggregation network deployed in the 98 cities?

    <p>To aggregate the Metro IP Traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many RPR based switches are deployed as Metro Aggregation?

    <p>1200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of the MPLS based IP Network?

    <p>It supports convergent network for data, voice, and video applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the IP-MPLS core network?

    <p>To receive traffic from the MNG-PAN switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology does the MNG-PAN solution support for efficient Ethernet aggregation?

    <p>Pseudo Wire over MPLS-TP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of the MNG-PAN transport network?

    <p>Scalability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the aggregation network?

    <p>To aggregate the customer traffic from various access Broadband networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of the MNG-PAN network's OAM capability?

    <p>End-to-end service management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of the packet nature of the MNG-PAN network?

    <p>Better bandwidth utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the MNG-PAN network's resilience?

    <p>Sub-50ms recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of the MNG-PAN network's interfaces?

    <p>Range of interfaces up to 10GE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a standard that the MNG-PAN transport network is compliant with?

    <p>ITU-T MPLS-TP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of the MNG-PAN transport network's packet aggregation?

    <p>Better bandwidth utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of service providers in building networks?

    <p>To deliver profitable value-added services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of MNG-PAN and OC-PAN switches?

    <p>To collect and hand over customer traffic to the IP-MPLS core network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of services are being carried by RPR networks?

    <p>Voice, video, and data services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required bridge technology for network transition?

    <p>RPR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of networks are being accessed through DSL, FTTH, MSAN, 3G Node B, Wi-Max etc?

    <p>Broadband networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of RPR technology?

    <p>To provide carrier class reliability and scalability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the IP-MPLS core network?

    <p>To provide a scalable and feature-rich network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology can meet the requirements of scalable, feature-rich networks?

    <p>RPR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    RPR Technology

    • Spatial reuse: Bandwidth is consumed only between source and destination nodes, leaving it available for downstream nodes.
    • Scalable: Supports topologies with over 100 nodes per ring.
    • Automatic topology discovery mechanism.

    RPR Operation

    • Dual counter rotating fiber ring topology: Both rings (inner and outer) are used to transport working traffic between nodes.
    • Total available ring bandwidth is utilized, instead of keeping one spare fiber for protection.
    • Control messages for topology updates, protection, and bandwidth control are carried on the ring.
    • Control messages flow in the opposite direction of the traffic they represent.

    Resource Allocation and Control

    • No master node on the ring: Bandwidth management and congestion control are fully distributed over all nodes.
    • Nodes implement control algorithms collectively to manage bandwidth and congestion.
    • Each node processes three traffic streams: exit, ingress, and transit traffic.

    Receive Decision

    • Every station has a 48-bit MAC address.
    • Nodes receive packets with a matching MAC destination address.
    • Multicast packets are copied to the host and continue through the transit path, while unicast packets are stripped from the ring and do not consume bandwidth.

    Transit Path

    • Nodes with non-matching destination addresses allow packets to continue circulating around the ring.
    • RPR packets undergo minimal processing per hop on a ring.

    Transmit and Bandwidth Control

    • RPR MAC can transmit both high and low-priority packets.
    • Bandwidth algorithm controls bandwidth allotment for low-priority packets.

    MNG-PAN Switches

    • Collect customer traffic from various access broadband networks (e.g., DSL, FTTH, MSAN, 3G Node B, Wi-Max).
    • Hand over traffic to IP-MPLS core network.
    • Centrally managed from the EMS deployed at NOC/DR-NoC.
    • Transparently handle IPV6 traffic.
    • 99.999% reliability.

    Aggregation Network

    • Deployed in MPLS-based network prior to PAN switches.
    • Consists of multi-gigabit, multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) based IP network.
    • Supports QoS features with four different classes of traffic (Platinum, Gold, Silver, and Bronze).
    • Features MPLS-Traffic Engineering, Fast Reroute, and multi-casting.

    Features of MNG-PAN Network

    • Based on Pseudo Wire over MPLS-TP technology for efficient Ethernet aggregation.
    • Offers wide range of protocols, standards, and interfaces.
    • Carrier-class set of features, including carrier-class sub 50ms recovery resiliency.
    • Hard QoS/SLA guarantees.
    • End-to-end and multi-layer OAM.
    • Network-wide time/clock synchronization.
    • Efficient multicast data distribution.
    • Range of interfaces up to 10GE.
    • Low power consumption.
    • Centralized management.

    Advantages of MNG-PAN Transport Network

    • Scalability: Supports electrical and optical Ethernet interfaces from FE to 10GE.
    • Reliability: Carrier-class reliability with fully redundant hardware architecture.
    • Resilience: Various protection schemes and sub-50ms failure recovery.
    • Manageability: Enhanced OAM capability with end-to-end service management.
    • Inter-operability: Compliant with ITU-T MPLS-TP standard.
    • Bandwidth Efficiency: Packet nature enables better utilization at the aggregation level.
    • Lower TCO: Low power consumption, bandwidth efficiency, fast fault isolation, and simple management.

    Conclusion

    • RPR can meet the requirements of service providers building scalable, feature-rich networks.
    • RPR provides carrier-class reliability and scalability.
    • MNG-PAN and OC-PAN switches collect customer traffic and hand it over to the IP-MPLS core network.

    RPR Benefits

    • RPR is efficient
    • One RPR multicast packet can be transmitted around the ring and received by multiple nodes
    • RPR allows bandwidth to be used on multiple idle spans (spatial reuse)
    • RPR protects failed spans within 50ms
    • High-priority packets are delivered with minimal jitter and latency
    • RPR rings can support about 100 nodes and throughputs range from 80 to 320 Gbps, typically scaling in 1-Mbit/s increments to 1 Gbit/s

    MNG-PAN and OC-PAN

    • MNG-PAN is an MPLS-based next-generation packet aggregation network for efficient multi-service aggregation of voice, video, and data traffic
    • MNG-PAN switches collect customer traffic from various access broadband networks and hand it over to the IP-MPLS core network
    • MNG-PAN switches are centrally managed from the EMS deployed at NOC/DR-NoC
    • MNG-PAN switches transparently handle IPV6 traffic and have 99.999% reliability

    Aggregation Network Deployed in MPLS-Based Network Prior to PAN Switches

    • The network consists of a 2-layered centrally managed IP backbone network designed to provide convergent network supporting data, voice, and video applications
    • The network supports QoS features with four different classes of traffic (Platinum, Gold, Silver, and Bronze) along with MPLS-Traffic Engineering, Fast Reroute, and multi-casting
    • BSNL has deployed a RPR technology-based aggregation network in 98 cities for aggregating Metro IP Traffic
    • Around 1200 RPR-based switches are deployed as Metro Aggregation
    • Around 3000 LAN switches are deployed in the network for OC City Aggregation (OCLAN)

    Deployment Architecture of MNG-PAN and OC-PAN

    • BSNL deployed MNG-PAN Aggregation Network in 15 cities
    • 421 PAN-COAU & PAN switches and 287 OC PAN switches are deployed
    • The OC-PAN ring aggregates traffic from all nodes and hands it over to the upper MNG-PAN ring
    • The Central Office Aggregation Unit (COAU) switch of the PAN ring aggregates traffic from all PAN nodes and hands it over to the IP-MPLS core

    Features of MNG-PAN Network

    • Pseudo Wire over MPLS-TP technology that supports efficient Ethernet aggregation
    • Wide range of protocols, standards, and interfaces coupled with highest reliability
    • Carrier-class set of features, including carrier-class sub-50ms recovery resiliency
    • Hard QoS/SLA guarantees
    • End-to-end and multi-layer OAM, network-wide time/clock synchronization
    • Efficient multicast data distribution and range of interfaces up to 10GE
    • Low power consumption and centralized management

    Advantages of MNG-PAN Transport Network

    • Scalability: Support of electrical and optical Ethernet interfaces from FE to 10GE and large switching capacity
    • Reliability: Carrier-class reliability with fully redundant hardware architecture
    • Resilience: Various protection schemes and sub-50ms failure recovery
    • Manageability: Enhanced OAM capability with end-to-end service management and NMS-based operation
    • Inter-operability: Compliant with ITU-T MPLS-TP standard and easy integration with core IP/MPLS or OTN networks
    • Bandwidth Efficiency: Packet nature of the network with flexible data-pipes enables users to request services in smaller increments and provides better utilization at the aggregation level
    • Lower TCO: Low power consumption, bandwidth efficiency due to optimized packet aggregation, fast fault isolation, and simple management, and smaller form factor

    RPR Technology

    • Spatial reuse: bandwidth is consumed only between source and destination nodes, and packets are removed at their destination, leaving bandwidth available for downstream nodes.
    • Scalable: supports topologies of more than 100 nodes per ring.
    • Automatic topology discovery mechanism.

    RPR Operation

    • Dual counter rotating fiber ring topology: both rings (inner and outer) are used to transport working traffic between nodes.
    • Total available ring bandwidth is utilized, rather than keeping one spare fiber for protection.
    • Control messages for topology updates, protection, and bandwidth control flow in the opposite direction of the traffic they represent.
    • RPR nodes can dynamically negotiate for bandwidth with other nodes on the ring.
    • Capability to differentiate between low and high-priority traffic, transmitting high-priority packets before low-priority ones.
    • RPR nodes have a transit path and a transit buffer, allowing for higher-priority packet transmission while holding lower-priority packets.

    RPR Benefits

    • Efficiency: RPR is efficient in bandwidth usage.
    • Multicast: one RPR multicast packet can be transmitted around the ring and received by multiple nodes.
    • Spatial reuse: RPR uni-cast packets are stripped at their destination, allowing for bandwidth reuse on multiple idle spans.
    • Resiliency: topology discovery and protection mechanisms ensure rapid recovery (within 50ms) from failed spans.
    • Performance: high-priority service delivery with minimal jitter and latency.
    • Scalability: system throughputs range from 80 to 320 Gbps, with typical scaling in 1-Mbit/s increments to 1 Gbit/s.

    MNG-PAN and OC-PAN

    • MNG-PAN is an MPLS-based Next Generation Packet Aggregation Network.
    • It incorporates MPLS-TP (MPLS-Transport Profile) technology for transport networks.
    • MNG-PAN is designed for efficient multi-service aggregation of voice, video, and data traffic from various access technologies.
    • It offers high-performance aggregation, network-wide time/clock synchronization, carrier-class sub-50ms recovery resiliency, guaranteed QoS and SLA enforcement, and end-to-end multi-layer OAM.

    Deployment Architecture

    • BSNL deployed MNG-PAN Aggregation Network in 15 cities.
    • Deployment of MNG-PAN switches in the network involves:
      • PAN-COAU (Packet Aggregation Network – Central Office Aggregation Unit) switches for connecting to BNG or MPLS routers.
      • OC-PAN (Other City Packet Aggregation Network) switches for aggregating traffic from all nodes and handing it over to the upper MNG-PAN ring.

    Features of MNG-PAN Network

    • Based on Pseudo Wire over MPLS-TP technology, supporting efficient Ethernet aggregation.
    • Offers a wide range of protocols, standards, and interfaces, coupled with high reliability.
    • Carrier-class features, including sub-50ms recovery resiliency, hard QoS/SLA guarantees, and end-to-end multi-layer OAM.
    • Efficient multicast data distribution and range of interfaces up to 10GE.
    • Low power consumption and centralized management.

    Advantages of MNG-PAN Transport Network

    • Scalability: supports electrical and optical Ethernet interfaces from FE to 10GE, with large switching capacity.
    • Reliability: carrier-class reliability with fully redundant hardware architecture.
    • Resilience: various protection schemes, sub-50ms failure recovery, and enhanced OAM capability.
    • Manageability: NMS-based operation, easy integration with core IP/MPLS or OTN networks.
    • Inter-operability: compliant with ITU-T MPLS-TP standard.
    • Bandwidth Efficiency: packet nature of the network enables better utilization at the aggregation level.
    • Lower TCO: low power consumption, bandwidth efficiency, fast fault isolation, and simple management.

    Spatial Reuse and Efficiency

    • Unlike SDH, bandwidth is consumed only between the source and destination nodes in RPR.
    • Packets are removed at their destination, leaving bandwidth available to downstream nodes on the ring.

    RPR Operation

    • RPR technology uses a dual counter-rotating fiber ring topology.
    • Both rings (inner and outer) are used to transport working traffic between nodes.
    • RPR utilizes the total available ring bandwidth by using both fibers instead of keeping one spare fiber for protection.
    • The fibers or ringlets are also used to carry control messages for topology updates, protection, and bandwidth control.
    • Control messages flow in the opposite direction of the traffic they represent.
    • RPR nodes can dynamically negotiate for bandwidth with other nodes on the ring using bandwidth-control messages.
    • RPR can differentiate between low and high-priority traffic and transmit high-priority packets before those of low priority.
    • RPR nodes have a transit path through which packets destined to downstream nodes on the ring flow.

    Topology Discovery

    • RPR has a topology discovery mechanism that allows nodes on the ring to be inserted or removed without manual management intervention.
    • Nodes circulate a topology discovery message to learn the MAC addresses of other stations.
    • Each node that receives a topology message appends its MAC address and passes it to its neighbor.
    • The topology map is used to determine the best path to the destination.

    Protection

    • RPR has the ability to protect the network from single span (node or fiber) failures.
    • When a failure occurs, protection messages are quickly dispatched.
    • RPR has two protection mechanisms: wrapping and steering.
    • Wrapping: nodes adjacent to the failed span move packets away from the failure by wrapping traffic around to the other fiber (ringlet).
    • Steering: notifies all nodes on the ring of the failed span.

    MNG-PAN Switches

    • Collect customer traffic like voice, video, and data from various access broadband networks.
    • Hand over the traffic to the IP-MPLS core network.
    • Centrally managed from the EMS deployed at NOC/DR-NoC.
    • Transparently handle IPv6 traffic.
    • Have 99.999% reliability.

    Aggregation Network

    • Consists of a multi-gigabit, multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) based IP network.
    • Designed to provide a convergent network supporting data, voice, and video applications.
    • Supports QoS features with four different classes of traffic: Platinum, Gold, Silver, and Bronze.
    • Includes MPLS-Traffic Engineering, Fast Reroute, and multi-casting.

    Features of MNG-PAN Network

    • Based on Pseudo Wire over MPLS-TP technology.
    • Offers wide range of protocols, standards, and interfaces.
    • Carrier-class set of features, including sub-50ms recovery resiliency.
    • Hard QoS/SLA guarantees.
    • End-to-end and multi-layer OAM.
    • Network-wide time/clock synchronization.
    • Efficient multicast data distribution.
    • Range of interfaces up to 10GE.
    • Low power consumption.
    • Centralized management.

    Advantages of MNG-PAN Transport Network

    • Scalability: supports electrical and optical Ethernet interfaces from FE to 10GE.
    • Reliability: carrier-class reliability with fully redundant hardware architecture.
    • Resilience: various protection schemes and sub-50ms failure recovery.
    • Manageability: enhanced OAM capability with end-to-end service management.
    • Inter-operability: compliant with ITU-T MPLS-TP standard.
    • Bandwidth efficiency: packet nature of the network with flexible data-pipes.
    • Lower TCO: low power consumption, bandwidth efficiency, and fast fault isolation.

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    RPR Technology and MNG PAN PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the features of FDDI ring networks, including spatial reuse, efficiency, and scalability. It also touches on automatic topology discovery mechanisms.

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