Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary implication of antimicrobial extralabel drug use in equine practice?
What is the primary implication of antimicrobial extralabel drug use in equine practice?
- It is encouraged to reduce the cost of treatment, regardless of regulatory compliance.
- It is strictly prohibited under all circumstances to ensure animal safety.
- It is a rare occurrence due to the wide availability of approved drugs.
- It is frequently necessary and permitted under the guidelines of AMDUCA. (correct)
In equine antimicrobial therapy, what is the most critical first step when there is insufficient time to wait for culture and sensitivity (C&S) results?
In equine antimicrobial therapy, what is the most critical first step when there is insufficient time to wait for culture and sensitivity (C&S) results?
- Administer the least expensive antibiotic available to reduce costs.
- Immediately administer a broad-spectrum antibiotic to cover all potential pathogens.
- Delay treatment until C&S results are available, regardless of the animal's condition.
- Collect and submit samples for C&S to guide future treatment adjustments. (correct)
When selecting an antimicrobial for equine use without C&S results, what is the most informed initial approach?
When selecting an antimicrobial for equine use without C&S results, what is the most informed initial approach?
- Administer a combination of antimicrobials with different mechanisms of action to cover a wider range of bacteria.
- Choose the newest antimicrobial on the market to ensure maximum efficacy.
- Use the same antimicrobial that was previously effective in a similar case to ensure consistency.
- Select an antimicrobial based on the knowledge of the bacteria most likely involved and their anticipated susceptibility patterns. (correct)
What is the MOST important factor in guiding the adjustment of antimicrobial therapy in equine patients?
What is the MOST important factor in guiding the adjustment of antimicrobial therapy in equine patients?
According to the information provided, which factor is LEAST relevant when considering antimicrobial choice?
According to the information provided, which factor is LEAST relevant when considering antimicrobial choice?
What is the primary reason to avoid unnecessary antimicrobial use in equine practice?
What is the primary reason to avoid unnecessary antimicrobial use in equine practice?
Considering the FDA-approved antimicrobials for equine use, which route of administration is exclusive to Amikacin sulfate and Gentamicin sulfate for treating uterine infections?
Considering the FDA-approved antimicrobials for equine use, which route of administration is exclusive to Amikacin sulfate and Gentamicin sulfate for treating uterine infections?
Given their approved uses, which antimicrobial is specifically indicated for respiratory infections associated with Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus?
Given their approved uses, which antimicrobial is specifically indicated for respiratory infections associated with Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus?
What daily dosage of Ceftiofur, crystalline free acid is approved for IM administration in horses?
What daily dosage of Ceftiofur, crystalline free acid is approved for IM administration in horses?
Which antimicrobial agent listed has FDA approval for treating strangles caused by S equi subsp. equi?
Which antimicrobial agent listed has FDA approval for treating strangles caused by S equi subsp. equi?
How does the FDA-approved administration protocol for amikacin sulfate differ from that of gentamicin sulfate in treating uterine infections in mares?
How does the FDA-approved administration protocol for amikacin sulfate differ from that of gentamicin sulfate in treating uterine infections in mares?
What is the significance of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of antimicrobials in equine practice?
What is the significance of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of antimicrobials in equine practice?
If a horse has a respiratory infection and the veterinarian suspects Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, which FDA-approved antimicrobial would be the MOST appropriate initial choice, considering approved indications?
If a horse has a respiratory infection and the veterinarian suspects Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, which FDA-approved antimicrobial would be the MOST appropriate initial choice, considering approved indications?
A mare presents with a uterine infection, and culture results are pending. Considering the FDA-approved antimicrobials for intrauterine use, what factor should MOST influence the choice between amikacin sulfate and gentamicin sulfate?
A mare presents with a uterine infection, and culture results are pending. Considering the FDA-approved antimicrobials for intrauterine use, what factor should MOST influence the choice between amikacin sulfate and gentamicin sulfate?
For what specific condition is a combination of Trimethoprim and Sulfadiazine (TMP-SDZ) powder FDA-approved in horses?
For what specific condition is a combination of Trimethoprim and Sulfadiazine (TMP-SDZ) powder FDA-approved in horses?
In managing a lower respiratory tract infection in a horse caused by susceptible strains of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus, which FDA-approved antimicrobial formulations are available?
In managing a lower respiratory tract infection in a horse caused by susceptible strains of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus, which FDA-approved antimicrobial formulations are available?
A veterinarian decides to use ampicillin, Na, to treat a respiratory infection in a Horse. What is the correct dosage?
A veterinarian decides to use ampicillin, Na, to treat a respiratory infection in a Horse. What is the correct dosage?
A horse has a respiratory, soft tissue, or skin infection. Which would be the MOST appropriate antimicrobial to administer?
A horse has a respiratory, soft tissue, or skin infection. Which would be the MOST appropriate antimicrobial to administer?
A horse presents with Acute strangles, a respiratory tract infection, acute urogenital infection, wound infection, and an abscess. Which antimicrobial should be administered?
A horse presents with Acute strangles, a respiratory tract infection, acute urogenital infection, wound infection, and an abscess. Which antimicrobial should be administered?
Which antimicrobial drugs require reconstitution of dry powder?
Which antimicrobial drugs require reconstitution of dry powder?
Flashcards
Ceftiofur, Na
Ceftiofur, Na
Aqueous solution used for respiratory infections, administered intramuscularly.
Ceftiofur, crystalline free acid
Ceftiofur, crystalline free acid
Aqueous suspension used for respiratory diseases, administered intramuscularly.
Ampicillin, Na
Ampicillin, Na
Aqueous solution useful for respiratory, soft tissue, and skin infections. Administered intravenously or intramuscularly.
Amikacin sulfate
Amikacin sulfate
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Gentamicin sulfate
Gentamicin sulfate
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Penicillin G, procaine
Penicillin G, procaine
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TMP-SDZ
TMP-SDZ
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TMP-SDZ (Powder)
TMP-SDZ (Powder)
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Study Notes
- Antimicrobial drugs receive FDA approval for equine practice.
FDA-Approved Antimicrobials
- Ceftiofur, Na aqueous solution is approved for intramuscular injection at 2.2-4.4 mg/kg every 24 hours for up to 10 days, used for respiratory infections associated with Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus.
- Ceftiofur crystalline free acid aqueous suspension is approved for intramuscular injection at 6.6 mg/kg on Day 1, repeated on Day 4, with no more than 20 mL per injection site, used for S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus. respiratory disease.
- Ampicillin, Na aqueous solution is approved for intravenous or intramuscular injection at 6.6 mg/kg every 12 hours, used for respiratory, soft tissue, and skin infections, including wounds and abscesses.
- Amikacin sulfate aqueous solution is approved for intrauterine infusion of 2.0 g mixed in 200 mL saline every 24 hours for 3 days to treat uterine infections in mares caused by susceptible organisms.
- Gentamicin sulfate aqueous solution is approved for intrauterine infusion of 2.0-2.5 g diluted with 200-500 mL saline every 24 hours for 3-5 days, used to control uterine infection in mares and as an aid for improved conception.
- Penicillin G procaine aqueous suspension is approved for intramuscular injection at 6600 IU/kg every 24 hours for up to 4 days, with no more than 10 mL per injection site, to treat strangles caused by S. equi subsp. equi.
- TMP-SDZ aqueous suspension is approved for oral administration at 24 mg/kg of combination every 12 hours for 10 days is used to treat lower respiratory tract infection caused by susceptible strains of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus.
- TMP-SDZ powder is approved for oral administration at 30 mg/kg of combination every 24 hours for 5-7 days, used for acute strangles, respiratory tract infection, acute urogenital infection, wound infection, and abscess.
Antimicrobial Use in Equine Practice
- Extralabel drug use is frequently necessary and is permitted under AMDUCA in equine practice.
- There is insufficient time to wait for culture and sensitivity results before initiating antimicrobial therapy so samples should be collected and submitted for culture and sensitivity.
- Treatment should begin using knowledge of the bacteria most likely involved and their most likely susceptibility pattern.
- Therapy is adjusted based on the response to initial therapy, results of initial culture and sensitivity, physiologic status of the patient, ability to administer antimicrobials by preferred route, adverse effects, and feasibility, including cost.
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