FBS 153 Final Exam Study Guide

The jury or judge who determines the facts of a case in a criminal trial.

The physical act of committing a crime. It is the outward manifestation of the crime.

The mental state or intent required for a crime. It refers to the defendant's state of mind when committing the crime.

A disorder that affects sleep patterns and behaviors, such as sleepwalking.

A condition where a person commits a crime involuntarily while sleepwalking or engaging in other sleep-related behaviors.

A legal defense where the defendant argues that they did not have the required mental state to be guilty of the crime due to a mental disorder.

A defense where the defendant argues that they were forced to commit the crime due to threats of violence or bodily harm.

Situations where a person commits a crime to prevent a greater harm, such as killing someone to save their own life.

A defense of diminished capacity acknowledges a mental impairment, but argues that it didn't fully negate the defendant's ability to understand right from wrong or form the intent to commit the crime. It's a lesser charge, not necessarily claiming complete lack of mental capacity.

This SCOTUS ruling in 1972 invalidated the death penalty nationwide, leading to a temporary halt of executions. Many death row inmates had their sentences commuted while the death penalty's legality was being redefined.

Clemency is a process where a governor can change a death sentence to a less severe punishment, such as life without parole. This offers a final opportunity for mercy in the face of the death penalty.

Teratogens are substances that can cause birth defects or developmental problems during prenatal development. Think alcohol causing Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), a major preventable cause of developmental disabilities.

In her 1991 article, Streissguth solidified the link between prenatal alcohol exposure and the range of developmental issues associated with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). It's a crucial piece of evidence for understanding the lasting impacts of teratogens.

The phenomenal method emphasizes understanding individual experiences and subjective realities. It's contrasting to objective realities, allowing for a deeper exploration of personal perspectives

The Op-Ed piece by John McGarrahan argues for a shift in legal definitions of murder. He criticizes the requirement of mens rea (intention) for murder, suggesting that manslaughter (lacking intent) should be a more accessible charge in certain situations.

Winston Churchill's 1910 speech emphasized that a society's treatment of criminals reveals its moral compass. It's a strong call to compassion and fair treatment in the justice system.

The legal standard used to determine if a defendant can be found not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI). It requires the defendant to prove they were unable to understand the wrongfulness of their actions due to a mental illness.

A legal defense that suggests a defendant's actions were a product of their mental illness, making them not criminally responsible.

This rule, found in the Model Penal Code, allows for acquittal if the defendant lacked substantial capacity to appreciate the wrongfulness of their actions or to conform their conduct to the law due to a mental illness.

A plea where the defendant admits to committing the crime but claims they were not criminally responsible due to a mental disorder at the time.

The legal principle that individuals found NGRI can be involuntarily committed to a secure psychiatric facility even if they are no longer exhibiting mental illness symptoms.

A disorder recognized by the DSM-5, which encompasses all mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia.

The legal concept of being immune from criminal prosecution due to a mental disorder at the time of the offense.

A state of mental illness or psychological dysfunction, which can include mood disorders, personality disorders, and other mental health conditions.

A serious mental disorder characterized by a disconnect from reality, often manifested through delusions and/or hallucinations.

A type of psychosis characterized by disordered thinking that is illogical and incoherent. It involves experiencing hallucinations and having delusions.

A type of psychosis where an individual experiences delusions but does not have hallucinations.

A cluster of personality traits characterized by lack of empathy, remorse, and guilt, often accompanied by manipulative behavior and disregard for rules and social norms.

A specific type of psychopathy where individuals exhibit a high level of deceitfulness, impulsivity, and risk-taking behavior. They often commit crimes for personal gain or excitement.

A type of psychopathy where individuals exhibit some psychopathic traits but have a more reactive and impulsive nature, often stemming from a difficult upbringing or environmental factors.

A behavioral pattern characterized by deceitfulness, disregard for others, and a lack of remorse or guilt. It is often considered synonymous with secondary psychopathy.

A mental disorder where individuals engage in sexual activities that are considered abnormal or harmful, often involving non-consenting individuals or objects.