Lec 12-Intro to Cardio

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Which of the following is NOT a major component of the circulatory system?

Blood vessels

Kidneys (correct)

Heart

Blood

What is the purpose of having separate atrial and ventricular syncytia in the heart?

To regulate blood flow in the circulatory system

To prevent electrical impulses from spreading between the atria and ventricles (correct)

To maintain the electrical conduction system of the heart

To ensure efficient contraction of the heart

Which of the following is the only normal electrical pathway between the atria and the ventricles?

Bundle of His

Purkinje fibers

AV node (correct)

SA node

Which ion primarily determines the resting membrane potential?

K+ Signup and view all the answers

Which channel is responsible for hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel?

HCN channel Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the SA node in the heart?

Generate action potentials Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism that suppresses latent pacemakers from driving the heart rate?

Overdrive suppression Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the circulatory system carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to tissues?

Arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the total flow of blood out of the left ventricle known as?

Cardiac output (CO) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cardiac muscle cells do not contribute to the generation of force for pumping blood?

Conducting cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of current is responsible for repolarization in phase 3 of the action potential?

Outward IK Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of sympathetic nerves on heart rate?

Increase heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of parasympathetic nerves on heart rate?

Decrease heart rate Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the action potential are most Na+ channels closed?

Phase 1 Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart has the fastest conduction velocity?

Purkinje fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart has the slowest conduction velocity?

AV node Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the slow conduction velocity in the AV node?

To prevent early activation of ventricles Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the rapid conduction velocity in the Purkinje fibers?

To ensure efficient ejection of blood Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is coupled to GK that inhibits adenylyl cyclase?

M2 receptors Signup and view all the answers

What effect does parasympathetic nerve activation have on heart rate?

Decreases heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What causes the negative shift in the maximum diastolic potential in SA nodal cells during parasympathetic nerve activation?

Increase in IK-ACh Signup and view all the answers

What does the PR interval on an ECG represent?

Conduction time from atria to ventricles Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is coupled to GK that inhibits adenylyl cyclase?

M2 receptor Signup and view all the answers

What effect does parasympathetic nerve activation have on heart rate?

Decreases heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic nervous system on conduction velocity through the AV node?

Increases conduction velocity Signup and view all the answers

What does the PR interval on an ECG represent?

Depolarization of the ventricles Signup and view all the answers

Which ion is responsible for the upstroke of the action potential in SA cells?

Na+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of HCN channels in the SA node?

To control the heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism that suppresses latent pacemakers from driving the heart rate called?

Overdrive suppression Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart is responsible for generating action potentials spontaneously?

SA node Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of conducting cells in the heart?

Carry electrical signals rapidly Signup and view all the answers

Which syncytium in the heart works as a coordinated unit to pump blood?

Both atrial and ventricular syncytia Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the AV node in the heart?

Slow down the conduction velocity Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the action potential are most Na+ channels closed?

Phase 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic nerves on heart rate?

Increase heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of parasympathetic nerves on heart rate?

Decrease heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is coupled to GK that inhibits adenylyl cyclase?

Muscarinic M2 receptor Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart has the slowest conduction velocity?

AV node Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the slow conduction velocity in the AV node?

To delay the conduction of action potential Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of having separate atrial and ventricular syncytia in the heart?

To allow for smooth sequence of ventricular activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic nervous system on conduction velocity through the AV node?

Increases conduction velocity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about M2 receptors?

They inhibit adenylyl cyclase Signup and view all the answers

What effect does sympathetic nervous system have on conduction velocity through the AV node?

It increases conduction velocity Signup and view all the answers

What does the QT interval on an ECG represent?

Repolarization of the ventricles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of sinus tachycardia?

Parasympathetic nerve activation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of cardiac activation (depolarization) starting from the SA node?

SA node - AV node - bundle of His - Purkinje fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for lengthening the absolute refractory period in contractile cell action potentials?

L-type Ca2+ Signup and view all the answers

What are the major features of an ECG and what do they correspond to in the heart?

P wave - atrial depolarization, QRS wave - ventricular depolarization, S-T segment - ventricular repolarization, T wave - atrial repolarization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for the upstroke of the action potential in contractile cells?

Na+ channels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the AV node in the heart?

It conducts electrical signals from the atria to the ventricles. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a major component of the circulatory system?

Lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the action potential is characterized by repolarization?

Phase 3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic nervous system on heart rate?

Increases heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Which ion primarily determines the resting membrane potential?

K+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of HCN channels in the SA node?

They increase the rate of spontaneous depolarization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for generating action potentials spontaneously in the heart?

Sinoatrial node Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart has the fastest conduction velocity?

Sinoatrial (SA) node Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the conducting cells in the heart?

To carry electrical signals rapidly Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of parasympathetic nerve activation on heart rate?

Decreases heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Which ion primarily determines the resting membrane potential?

K+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the slow conduction velocity in the AV node?

To prevent rapid transmission of electrical signals to the ventricles Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of parasympathetic nerves on heart rate?

Decrease heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of HCN channels in the SA node?

To generate action potentials Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the specialized conduction system has the fastest conduction velocity?

Purkinje fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the slow conduction velocity in the AV node?

To allow time for ventricles to fill with blood from atria Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the specialized conduction system in the heart?

To coordinate the pumping of blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic nervous system on conduction velocity through the AV node?

Increases conduction velocity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about M2 receptors?

M2 receptors are coupled to GK that inhibits adenylyl cyclase Signup and view all the answers

What does the PR interval on an ECG represent?

Time from initial depolarization of the atria to initial depolarization of the ventricles Signup and view all the answers

What effect does parasympathetic nerve activation have on heart rate?

Decreases heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the slow conduction velocity in the AV node?

To delay the transmission of electrical signals from atria to ventricles Signup and view all the answers

Lec 12-Intro to Cardio

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a major component of the circulatory system?

What is the purpose of having separate atrial and ventricular syncytia in the heart?

Which of the following is the only normal electrical pathway between the atria and the ventricles?

Which ion primarily determines the resting membrane potential?

Which channel is responsible for hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel?

What is the role of the SA node in the heart?

What is the mechanism that suppresses latent pacemakers from driving the heart rate?

Which component of the circulatory system carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to tissues?

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

What is the total flow of blood out of the left ventricle known as?

Which type of cardiac muscle cells do not contribute to the generation of force for pumping blood?

Which type of current is responsible for repolarization in phase 3 of the action potential?

What is the main effect of sympathetic nerves on heart rate?

What is the effect of parasympathetic nerves on heart rate?

During which phase of the action potential are most Na+ channels closed?

Which part of the heart has the fastest conduction velocity?

Which part of the heart has the slowest conduction velocity?

What is the purpose of the slow conduction velocity in the AV node?

What is the purpose of the rapid conduction velocity in the Purkinje fibers?

Which receptor is coupled to GK that inhibits adenylyl cyclase?

What effect does parasympathetic nerve activation have on heart rate?

What causes the negative shift in the maximum diastolic potential in SA nodal cells during parasympathetic nerve activation?

What does the PR interval on an ECG represent?

Which receptor is coupled to GK that inhibits adenylyl cyclase?

What effect does parasympathetic nerve activation have on heart rate?

What is the effect of sympathetic nervous system on conduction velocity through the AV node?

What does the PR interval on an ECG represent?

Which ion is responsible for the upstroke of the action potential in SA cells?

What is the role of HCN channels in the SA node?

What is the mechanism that suppresses latent pacemakers from driving the heart rate called?

Which part of the heart is responsible for generating action potentials spontaneously?

What is the main function of conducting cells in the heart?

Which syncytium in the heart works as a coordinated unit to pump blood?

What is the purpose of the AV node in the heart?

During which phase of the action potential are most Na+ channels closed?

What is the effect of sympathetic nerves on heart rate?

What is the effect of parasympathetic nerves on heart rate?

Which receptor is coupled to GK that inhibits adenylyl cyclase?

Which part of the heart has the slowest conduction velocity?

What is the purpose of the slow conduction velocity in the AV node?

What is the purpose of having separate atrial and ventricular syncytia in the heart?

What is the effect of sympathetic nervous system on conduction velocity through the AV node?

Which of the following is true about M2 receptors?

What effect does sympathetic nervous system have on conduction velocity through the AV node?

What does the QT interval on an ECG represent?

Which of the following is NOT a cause of sinus tachycardia?

Which of the following is the correct sequence of cardiac activation (depolarization) starting from the SA node?

Which of the following is responsible for lengthening the absolute refractory period in contractile cell action potentials?

What are the major features of an ECG and what do they correspond to in the heart?

Which of the following is responsible for the upstroke of the action potential in contractile cells?

Which of the following best describes the role of the AV node in the heart?

Which of the following is NOT a major component of the circulatory system?

Which phase of the action potential is characterized by repolarization?

What is the effect of sympathetic nervous system on heart rate?

Which ion primarily determines the resting membrane potential?

What is the role of HCN channels in the SA node?

Which of the following is responsible for generating action potentials spontaneously in the heart?

Which part of the heart has the fastest conduction velocity?

What is the main function of the conducting cells in the heart?

What is the effect of parasympathetic nerve activation on heart rate?

Which ion primarily determines the resting membrane potential?

What is the purpose of the slow conduction velocity in the AV node?

What is the effect of parasympathetic nerves on heart rate?

What is the role of HCN channels in the SA node?

Which part of the specialized conduction system has the fastest conduction velocity?

What is the purpose of the slow conduction velocity in the AV node?

What is the main function of the specialized conduction system in the heart?

What is the effect of sympathetic nervous system on conduction velocity through the AV node?

Which of the following is true about M2 receptors?

What does the PR interval on an ECG represent?

What effect does parasympathetic nerve activation have on heart rate?

What is the purpose of the slow conduction velocity in the AV node?

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