Fault Finding and Reliability

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary responsibility of a person fixing a fault, according to the basic philosophy of fault finding?

  • To document the fault and delegate responsibility to another technician.
  • To immediately replace the faulty component without further analysis.
  • To consider the fault and the problems arising from the existence of the fault. (correct)
  • To only address the immediate fault without considering its secondary effects.

In the nine-point plan for fault finding, which step directly precedes taking corrective action?

  • Identifying the actual cause/problem.
  • Archiving the results.
  • Determining possible causes.
  • Deciding on the best action to take. (correct)

What is the main purpose of preventative maintenance?

  • To repair machines after they have already broken down.
  • To increase uptime by running machines at maximum capacity.
  • To upgrade the outdated parts of a machine.
  • To check the working condition of all machine components. (correct)

Which of the following best describes 'uptime'?

<p>The maximum use of equipment when everything is working as planned. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes 'downtime' in a system?

<p>The time when a system fails and requires repairs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting the reliability of a system?

<p>Cosmetic appearance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When collecting facts as part of the nine-point rule, what is one method to ensure success?

<p>Communicating with the people involved. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When determining 'what are the facts' during fault finding, which factor relates to how the fault's location influenced what happened?

<p>The place factor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following questions is addressed by 'the time factor' when investigating a fault?

<p>When did the fault occur and why is the timing important? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of a fault does 'the casual factor' primarily address?

<p>The underlying reasons for why the fault occurred. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a useful aid for documenting the process of fault finding?

<p>Functional block diagrams. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the ten basic rules of fault finding, what should one do if the existing circuit diagram is too complex?

<p>Redraw the circuit to simplify it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is emphasized as part of the ten basic rules of fault finding?

<p>Following a logical and systematic process of elimination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In fault finding, what is the correct approach toward facts?

<p>Facts are required and must be tested. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with the results obtained during fault finding?

<p>They should be recorded for future reference. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of deflection plates in an oscilloscope?

<p>To deflect the electron beam. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a luminous spot on an oscilloscope screen?

<p>To convert accelerated electrons into light. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of using a moving-coil meter?

<p>It only measures direct currents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of dielectric materials?

<p>To support electrical components. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that can influence the dielectric properties of a material?

<p>Temperature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Fault Finding Philosophy

The person fixing a fault must consider the fault and problems arising from it.

Nine Point Plan

A structured approach to fault finding, encompassing problem definition to archiving.

Preventative maintenance

Service to check machine components are capable of working conditions.

Uptime

Maximum use of equipment with everything working as planned.

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Downtime

When system failure occurs and repairs are needed.

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Reliability Factors

Power dissipation, mechanical stress, environmental factors, temperature, vibration, radiation.

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Collecting Facts for the Nine Point Rule

Examine records, determine applicable rules, communicate with involved people.

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Factors Influencing Facts

Situation, human, place, time, and casual factors related to a fault.

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Fault Finding Documentation

Functional block diagrams, test data charts, layout diagrams, test flowcharts, symptom analysis charts.

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Basic Rules of Fault Finding

Understand components, learn circuits, use equipment, simplify circuits, systematic elimination, test facts, record results, avoid random changes, test operation.

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Uses of Simple Inching Circuit

Accurate hosting/lowering, setting up machines, positioning work pieces

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Polarized Capacitor Types

Electrolytic, Tantalum

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Non-Polarized Capacitor Types

Ceramic, paper dielectric, silver-mica, polystyrene, polyester film, paloycarbonate

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Overload Protection Types

Electromagnetic, Thermal

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Diode in AC Purpose

Blocks DC, used as rectifier.

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Methods in Systematic Fault Finding

Basic approach, scientific approach, half-cut method, systematic

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Ammeter vs. Voltmeter

Ammeters: low resistance, voltmeters: high resistance.

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Capacitor vs. Inductor

A capacitor stores electrical charge, an inductor produces a magnetic field.

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Advantages of Metal Oxide Resistors

High stability, high power rating, temperature stability, low noise, low production cost, heat resistor accuracy.

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Core Loss Types

Eddy current, hysteresis

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Study Notes

  • When a fault occurs, the person fixing it must consider the fault and related problems.

The Nine Point Plan for Fault Finding

  • Determine what the problem is.
  • Define the objective.
  • Identify possible causes.
  • Gather the facts.
  • Determine the actual cause/problem.
  • Identify possible steps to take.
  • Decide on the best action to take.
  • Take action.
  • Archive the results.

Preventative Maintenance

  • Service to check a machine's components' working condition.

Uptime

  • Maximum use of equipment or system, working according to plan.

Downtime

  • When system failure occurs and repairs are needed.

Factors Affecting Reliability

  • Power dissipation.
  • Mechanical stress.
  • Environmental conditions.
  • Temperature variations.
  • Shock or vibration.
  • Pressure radiation.

Methods for Collecting Facts (Nine Point Rule)

  • Examine records.
  • Determine applicable rules.
  • Communicate with involved people.

Factors Influencing Decisions ("What are the Facts?")

  • Situation factor: What happened and how.
  • Human factor: Who was involved and influences the fault identification.
  • Place factor: How the location impacts what happened.
  • Time factor: When the fault occurred and its importance.
  • Casual factor: Why the fault happened and if it's a recurring issue.

Aids for Fault Finding Documentation

  • Functional block diagrams.
  • Test data charts.
  • Layout diagrams.
  • Test flowcharts.
  • Symptom analysis charts.

Ten Basic Rules of Fault Finding

  • Understand basic component operation.
  • Learn typical circuits.
  • Know how to use equipment.
  • Redraw complex circuits.
  • Use a logical, systematic process to eliminate possible faults.
  • Facts must be tested.
  • Record results.
  • Avoid indiscriminate adjustments.
  • Test after completing repairs for proper operation.

Uses of a Simple Inching Circuit

  • Accurate hoisting/lowering.
  • Setting up machines.
  • Positioning of work pieces.

Types of Polarized Capacitors

  • Electrolytic capacitors.
  • Tantalum capacitors.

Types of Non-Polarized Capacitors

  • Ceramic.
  • Paper dielectric.
  • Silver-mica.
  • Polystyrene.
  • Polyester film.
  • Paloycarbonate.

Two Types of Overload Protection

  • Electromagnetic overload.
  • Thermal overload.

Purpose of a Diode in AC Circuits

  • Blocks DC circuits.
  • Used as a rectifier.

Methods Used in Systematic Fault Finding

  • Basic approach.
  • Scientific approach.
  • Half-cut method.
  • Systematic approach.

Difference Between Ammeters and Voltmeters

  • Ammeters have low resistance; voltmeters have high resistance.

Difference Between Capacitors and Inductors

  • A capacitor stores electrical charge.
  • An inductor produces a magnetic field.

Advantages of a Metal Oxide Resistor

  • High stability.
  • High power rating.
  • High-temperature stability.
  • Low noise level.
  • Low production cost.
  • Heat resistor accuracy.

Types of Core Losses

  • Eddy current.
  • Hysteresis.
  • Iron core.
  • Copper.

Deflection Plates of an Oscilloscope

  • Plates inside that deflect the electron beam.

Purpose of a Luminous Spot

  • Converts accelerated electrons into light to appear on the screen.

Disadvantage of a Moving-Coil Meter

  • Measures only direct currents.

Functions of Dielectric Materials

  • Supports electrical components.
  • Used as a dielectric capacitor.

Factors That Influence Dielectric Properties

  • Temperature.
  • Moisture.
  • Frequency.
  • Field strength.

Decoupling Capacitor in a Transistor Circuit

  • Shorts circuit spikes.
  • Shorts AC voltage on the emitter to ground.

Three Types of Basic Amplifier Circuits

  • Common collector: Current amplification.
  • Common base: Voltage amplification.
  • Common emitter: Current or Voltage amplification.

Holding Current in SCR

  • Minimum current to keep an SCR in conduction.

Force Commutation

  • Switching off an SCR to stop conduction.

Types of Moving Iron Instruments

  • Attraction type.
  • Repulsion type.

Three Operating Areas of a Transistor

  • Cut-off region.
  • Active region.
  • Saturation region.

Three Methods to Cause an SCR to Conduct

  • Positive gate current.
  • Anode positive voltage.
  • Transient on the gate.

De Morgan's First Theorem

  • The AND of inverted inputs is equivalent to the OR function of inverted inputs.

De Morgan's Second Theorem

  • The OR of inverted inputs is equivalent to the AND function of the inverted inputs.

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