20 Questions
Which of the following events initiates the process of increased endothelial permeability in fatty streak formation?
Endothelial cell injury
What is the role of monocytes in the development of atherosclerosis?
They differentiate into macrophages and phagocytose LDLs
Which of the following components is recruited in response to inflammatory signals during plaque growth?
all the above
What is the main function of vascular smooth muscle cells during plaque growth?
A and D
What is the term used to describe the stage of atherosclerosis where the necrotic plaque core is initially covered by a fibrous cap and endothelial cells?
Complex plaque (Atheroma)
What is the main cause of vascular lumen narrowing in atherosclerosis?
Complex plaque formation
What is the underlying cause of coronary, cerebral, and peripheral vascular disease?
Atherosclerosis
What is the main component of plaques formed in atherosclerosis?
Lipids
What initiates the recruitment of monocytes to the intima in atherosclerosis?
Endothelial cell injury
What is the term used to describe the process of cholesterol accumulation in the evolving lesion during atherosclerosis?
Plaque growth
Which of the following factors can contribute to the progression of vessel narrowing?
All of the above
What can cause the rapid formation of a large thrombus that completely occludes the artery?
Ruptured plaques
Which cells favor fortification of the fibrous cap in plaques?
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs)
What can weaken the fibrous cap of a plaque and predispose it to rupture?
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)
What can lead to the formation of a vascular aneurysm downstream from a large atherosclerotic plaque?
Turbulent flow
What is the role of neovascularization in plaque development?
It causes rapid expansion of the plaque
What is the consequence of plaque rupture healing with fibrosis?
Critical stenosis
Which cells secrete collagen- and elastin-degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in response to inflammatory cytokines?
Foam cells
What is the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in plaque development?
They weaken the fibrous cap
What causes further changes in hemodynamic forces that increase wall tension in the presence of a large atherosclerotic plaque?
Turbulent flow
Test your knowledge on Fatty Streak Formation and its key triggers such as endothelial cell injury, elevated LDL levels, and systemic inflammation. Explore the role of acute phase protein CRP and cytokine TNF-α in this process.
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