Fatty Streak Formation

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Which of the following events initiates the process of increased endothelial permeability in fatty streak formation?

Phagocytosis of LDLs

Systemic inflammation

Endothelial cell injury (correct)

Elevated levels of LDLs

What is the role of monocytes in the development of atherosclerosis?

They produce fibrous cap over the plaque

They recruit additional inflammatory cells

They invade the intima and proliferate

They differentiate into macrophages and phagocytose LDLs (correct)

Which of the following components is recruited in response to inflammatory signals during plaque growth?

all the above (correct)

Platelets

T lymphocytes

Dendritic cells

What is the main function of vascular smooth muscle cells during plaque growth?

A and D Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the stage of atherosclerosis where the necrotic plaque core is initially covered by a fibrous cap and endothelial cells?

Complex plaque (Atheroma) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of vascular lumen narrowing in atherosclerosis?

Complex plaque formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying cause of coronary, cerebral, and peripheral vascular disease?

Atherosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of plaques formed in atherosclerosis?

Lipids Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the recruitment of monocytes to the intima in atherosclerosis?

Endothelial cell injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of cholesterol accumulation in the evolving lesion during atherosclerosis?

Plaque growth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can contribute to the progression of vessel narrowing?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What can cause the rapid formation of a large thrombus that completely occludes the artery?

Ruptured plaques Signup and view all the answers

Which cells favor fortification of the fibrous cap in plaques?

Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) Signup and view all the answers

What can weaken the fibrous cap of a plaque and predispose it to rupture?

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to the formation of a vascular aneurysm downstream from a large atherosclerotic plaque?

Turbulent flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neovascularization in plaque development?

It causes rapid expansion of the plaque Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of plaque rupture healing with fibrosis?

Critical stenosis Signup and view all the answers

Which cells secrete collagen- and elastin-degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in response to inflammatory cytokines?

Foam cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in plaque development?

They weaken the fibrous cap Signup and view all the answers

What causes further changes in hemodynamic forces that increase wall tension in the presence of a large atherosclerotic plaque?