Fatty Acid Synthesis

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What is the role of 3-Ketoacyl-ACP synthase in fatty acid synthesis?

To reduce the keto group to an alcohol

To synthesize malonyl-CoA

To create a double bond between carbons 2 and 3

To elongate the fatty acid chain (correct)

Which enzyme is responsible for reducing the keto group to an alcohol in fatty acid synthesis?

3-Ketoacyl-ACP reductase (correct)

3-Hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase

Enoyl-ACP reductase

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

What is the role of Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) in fatty acid synthesis?

To carry the growing fatty acid chain (correct)

To synthesize malonyl-CoA

To release the completed fatty acid

To reduce NADP+ to NADPH

What is the byproduct of the reaction catalyzed by 3-Hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase?

Water Signup and view all the answers

What is the reducing power for fatty acid synthesis?

NADPH Signup and view all the answers

How many cycles of fatty acid synthesis are required to produce a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the fatty acid synthesis pathway?

To add CO2 to the acetyl group, producing malonyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the acyl carrier protein (ACP) in fatty acid synthesis?

To temporarily hold the growing fatty acid chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of energy for the condensation reaction between the acetyl group and the malonyl group?

From the decarboxylation of malonyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the condensation reaction between the acetyl group and the malonyl group?

A 4-carbon fatty acid chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in fatty acid biosynthesis?

To synthesize malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NADPH in the fatty acid synthesis pathway?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for transferring the acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the cysteine residue of ACP?

Acetyl-CoA-ACP acetyltransacylase Signup and view all the answers

How is acetyl-CoA transported from the mitochondria to the cytosol?

By being shuttled as citrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of citrate in regulating fatty acid synthesis?

It serves as a high energy signal to enhance fatty acid synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of NADPH required for fatty acid synthesis?

The conversion of malate to pyruvate Signup and view all the answers

How is acetyl-CoA carboxylase regulated in the short-term?

Through allosteric activation by citrate and inhibition by long-chain fatty acyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of malonyl-CoA in fatty acid synthesis?

To participate in the repetitive synthesis of fatty acids Signup and view all the answers