Fatty Acid Synthesis: Palmitate Synthesis
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary precursor for the backbone of fat and phospholipids?

  • Glycerol
  • Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
  • Glycerol 3-phosphate (correct)
  • Triacylglycerol

What is the enzyme that attaches two fatty acids to glycerol 3-phosphate?

  • Dihydroxyacetone phosphate kinase
  • Glycerol kinase
  • Acyl transferase (correct)
  • Phosphatidic acid phosphatase

What is the precursor to triacylglycerols and phospholipids?

  • Triacylglycerol
  • Glycerol 3-phosphate
  • Phospholipid
  • Phosphatidic acid (correct)

What is the enzyme that dephosphorylates phosphatidic acid to produce 1,2-diacylglycerol?

<p>Phosphatidic acid phosphatase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regulates fatty acid synthesis?

<p>Palmitoyl-CoA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate-limiting step of fatty acid synthesis catalyzed by?

<p>Acetyl CoA carboxylase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of malonyl/aceyl-CoA transferase (MAT) in Fatty Acid Synthesis?

<p>To transfer acetate from ACP to the Cys of the β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KS) domain of FAS I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATPs are used in the synthesis of palmitate (16:0)?

<p>23 ATPs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the intermediate used to lengthen fatty acids in eukaryotes?

<p>Malonyl-CoA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the desaturation of stearate (18:0) in fatty acid synthesis?

<p>Oleate (18:1; Δ9) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) in Fatty Acid Synthesis?

<p>To recharge its -SH group with malonyl from malonyl-CoA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common product of palmitate elongation?

<p>Stearate (18:0) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of reducing power for fatty acid synthesis in animal cells?

<p>NADPH and ATP generated from the pentose phosphate pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of citrate synthase in fatty acid synthesis?

<p>It catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to citrate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the acetyl-CoA for lipid synthesis originate in most eukaryotes?

<p>Mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of oxaloacetate after it is regenerated from citrate in the cytosol?

<p>It is used for gluconeogenesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of fatty acid synthesis in animal cells?

<p>Cytosol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of citrate being shuttled out of the mitochondria in fatty acid synthesis?

<p>To regenerate acetyl-CoA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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