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Fatty Acid Synthesis: Palmitate Synthesis

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Fatty Acid Synthesis: Palmitate Synthesis

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary precursor for the backbone of fat and phospholipids?

Glycerol

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Glycerol 3-phosphate (correct)

Triacylglycerol

What is the enzyme that attaches two fatty acids to glycerol 3-phosphate?

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate kinase

Glycerol kinase

Acyl transferase (correct)

Phosphatidic acid phosphatase

What is the precursor to triacylglycerols and phospholipids?

Triacylglycerol

Glycerol 3-phosphate

Phospholipid

Phosphatidic acid (correct)

What is the enzyme that dephosphorylates phosphatidic acid to produce 1,2-diacylglycerol?

Phosphatidic acid phosphatase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regulates fatty acid synthesis?

Palmitoyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate-limiting step of fatty acid synthesis catalyzed by?

Acetyl CoA carboxylase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of malonyl/aceyl-CoA transferase (MAT) in Fatty Acid Synthesis?

To transfer acetate from ACP to the Cys of the β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KS) domain of FAS I Signup and view all the answers

How many ATPs are used in the synthesis of palmitate (16:0)?

23 ATPs Signup and view all the answers

What is the intermediate used to lengthen fatty acids in eukaryotes?

Malonyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the desaturation of stearate (18:0) in fatty acid synthesis?

Oleate (18:1; Δ9) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) in Fatty Acid Synthesis?

To recharge its -SH group with malonyl from malonyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common product of palmitate elongation?

Stearate (18:0) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of reducing power for fatty acid synthesis in animal cells?

NADPH and ATP generated from the pentose phosphate pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of citrate synthase in fatty acid synthesis?

It catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to citrate Signup and view all the answers

Where does the acetyl-CoA for lipid synthesis originate in most eukaryotes?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of oxaloacetate after it is regenerated from citrate in the cytosol?

It is used for gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of fatty acid synthesis in animal cells?

Cytosol Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of citrate being shuttled out of the mitochondria in fatty acid synthesis?

To regenerate acetyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers