18 Questions
What is the primary precursor for the backbone of fat and phospholipids?
Glycerol 3-phosphate
What is the enzyme that attaches two fatty acids to glycerol 3-phosphate?
Acyl transferase
What is the precursor to triacylglycerols and phospholipids?
Phosphatidic acid
What is the enzyme that dephosphorylates phosphatidic acid to produce 1,2-diacylglycerol?
Phosphatidic acid phosphatase
Which of the following regulates fatty acid synthesis?
Palmitoyl-CoA
What is the rate-limiting step of fatty acid synthesis catalyzed by?
Acetyl CoA carboxylase
What is the role of malonyl/aceyl-CoA transferase (MAT) in Fatty Acid Synthesis?
To transfer acetate from ACP to the Cys of the β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KS) domain of FAS I
How many ATPs are used in the synthesis of palmitate (16:0)?
23 ATPs
What is the intermediate used to lengthen fatty acids in eukaryotes?
Malonyl-CoA
What is the product of the desaturation of stearate (18:0) in fatty acid synthesis?
Oleate (18:1; Δ9)
What is the role of Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) in Fatty Acid Synthesis?
To recharge its -SH group with malonyl from malonyl-CoA
What is the most common product of palmitate elongation?
Stearate (18:0)
What is the primary source of reducing power for fatty acid synthesis in animal cells?
NADPH and ATP generated from the pentose phosphate pathway
What is the role of citrate synthase in fatty acid synthesis?
It catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to citrate
Where does the acetyl-CoA for lipid synthesis originate in most eukaryotes?
Mitochondria
What is the fate of oxaloacetate after it is regenerated from citrate in the cytosol?
It is used for gluconeogenesis
What is the primary site of fatty acid synthesis in animal cells?
Cytosol
What is the purpose of citrate being shuttled out of the mitochondria in fatty acid synthesis?
To regenerate acetyl-CoA
This quiz covers the steps involved in the synthesis of palmitate (16:0) in fatty acid synthesis, including the role of malonyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA. It also explains the stoichiometry of palmitate synthesis.
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