Fatty Acid Metabolism

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Questions and Answers

What is the energy gain for the oxidation of stearic acid (18 C)?

  • 160 ATP
  • 146 ATP (correct)
  • 162 ATP
  • 140 ATP

What is the importance of β-oxidation in starvation?

  • It is a source of fiber
  • It is a source of energy (correct)
  • It is a source of protein
  • It is a source of carbohydrates

What is formed from acetyl CoA?

  • Fatty acids and glycerol
  • Cholesterol and acetyl choline (correct)
  • Glucose and amino acids
  • Vitamin D and calcium

What happens to β-oxidation when energy increases in cells?

<p>It is inhibited (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the last step in the oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms?

<p>Conversion to succinyl-CoA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the carboxylation reaction of propionyl CoA?

<p>D-isomer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate product of the citric acid cycle?

<p>Acetyl-CoA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the carnitine transporter system in fatty acid metabolism?

<p>To transport fatty acids into the mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is involved in the activation of acetoacetate with ATP in the presence of CoA in the minor pathway?

<p>Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the dehydrogenation reaction in step II?

<p>FADH2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction catalyzed by thiolase?

<p>Acetyl-CoA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate in the citric acid cycle?

<p>GTP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the coenzyme required for the dehydrogenation reaction in step II?

<p>FAD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the β-oxidation reaction?

<p>Mitochondrial inner membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP yield from the complete oxidation of one molecule of acetoacetate?

<p>23 mol of ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal level of ketone bodies in blood?

<p>0.3-2 mg/dL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP yield from the oxidation of one fatty acid molecule?

<p>12 ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the increased levels of ketone bodies in blood and urine?

<p>Ketosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the β-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase enzyme?

<p>To catalyze the dehydrogenation reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many fatty acyl CoA dehydrogenases are involved in different stages of β-oxidation?

<p>3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of metabolic acidosis caused by ketosis?

<p>Ketoacidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal urinary excretion of ketone bodies?

<p>Less than 1 mg/24 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common precursor for both glucocerebroside and galactocerebroside?

<p>Ceramide and uridine diphosphate (UDP) sugars (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for breaking down glucocerebroside in healthy individuals?

<p>β-glucocerebrosidase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the infantile form of Gaucher's disease?

<p>Mental retardation and spasticity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of lipids in white matter accounted for by galactocerebroside sulfate?

<p>15% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a genetic deficiency of Arylsulfatase A?

<p>Accumulation of galactocerebroside sulfate in tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition resulting from the accumulation of galactocerebroside sulfate in tissues?

<p>Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Tay-Sachs disease?

<p>A deficiency of lysosomal hexosaminidase A (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the inheritance pattern of Tay-Sachs disease?

<p>Autosomal recessive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sphingolipids in the ABO blood group system?

<p>They provide antigenic determinants on the surface of cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between secretors and non-secretors in the ABO blood group system?

<p>The ability or inability to produce glycoprotein forms of the ABO antigens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in infants?

<p>An insufficient amount of pulmonary surfactant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of GM1 gangliosidosis?

<p>An accumulation of GM1 gangliosides, glycoproteins, and keratan sulfate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common symptom of Tay-Sachs disease and GM1 gangliosidosis?

<p>Mental retardation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the ABO blood group system in forensic science?

<p>It is used to distinguish between secretors and non-secretors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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