Fatty Acid Metabolism
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Questions and Answers

What is the energy gain for the oxidation of stearic acid (18 C)?

  • 160 ATP
  • 146 ATP (correct)
  • 162 ATP
  • 140 ATP

    • What is the importance of β-oxidation in starvation?

  • It is a source of fiber
  • It is a source of energy (correct)
  • It is a source of protein
  • It is a source of carbohydrates

    • What is formed from acetyl CoA?

  • Fatty acids and glycerol
  • Cholesterol and acetyl choline (correct)
  • Glucose and amino acids
  • Vitamin D and calcium

    • What happens to β-oxidation when energy increases in cells?

    <p>It is inhibited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last step in the oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms?

    <p>Conversion to succinyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the carboxylation reaction of propionyl CoA?

    <p>D-isomer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate product of the citric acid cycle?

    <p>Acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the carnitine transporter system in fatty acid metabolism?

    <p>To transport fatty acids into the mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is involved in the activation of acetoacetate with ATP in the presence of CoA in the minor pathway?

    <p>Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of the dehydrogenation reaction in step II?

    <p>FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction catalyzed by thiolase?

    <p>Acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of the conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate in the citric acid cycle?

    <p>GTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the coenzyme required for the dehydrogenation reaction in step II?

    <p>FAD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the β-oxidation reaction?

    <p>Mitochondrial inner membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net ATP yield from the complete oxidation of one molecule of acetoacetate?

    <p>23 mol of ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal level of ketone bodies in blood?

    <p>0.3-2 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net ATP yield from the oxidation of one fatty acid molecule?

    <p>12 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the increased levels of ketone bodies in blood and urine?

    <p>Ketosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the β-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase enzyme?

    <p>To catalyze the dehydrogenation reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many fatty acyl CoA dehydrogenases are involved in different stages of β-oxidation?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of metabolic acidosis caused by ketosis?

    <p>Ketoacidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal urinary excretion of ketone bodies?

    <p>Less than 1 mg/24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common precursor for both glucocerebroside and galactocerebroside?

    <p>Ceramide and uridine diphosphate (UDP) sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for breaking down glucocerebroside in healthy individuals?

    <p>β-glucocerebrosidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the infantile form of Gaucher's disease?

    <p>Mental retardation and spasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of lipids in white matter accounted for by galactocerebroside sulfate?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a genetic deficiency of Arylsulfatase A?

    <p>Accumulation of galactocerebroside sulfate in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition resulting from the accumulation of galactocerebroside sulfate in tissues?

    <p>Metachromatic Leukodystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Tay-Sachs disease?

    <p>A deficiency of lysosomal hexosaminidase A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inheritance pattern of Tay-Sachs disease?

    <p>Autosomal recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sphingolipids in the ABO blood group system?

    <p>They provide antigenic determinants on the surface of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between secretors and non-secretors in the ABO blood group system?

    <p>The ability or inability to produce glycoprotein forms of the ABO antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in infants?

    <p>An insufficient amount of pulmonary surfactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of GM1 gangliosidosis?

    <p>An accumulation of GM1 gangliosides, glycoproteins, and keratan sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common symptom of Tay-Sachs disease and GM1 gangliosidosis?

    <p>Mental retardation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the ABO blood group system in forensic science?

    <p>It is used to distinguish between secretors and non-secretors</p> Signup and view all the answers

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