Fatty Acid Metabolism

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What is the energy gain for the oxidation of stearic acid (18 C)?

160 ATP

146 ATP (correct)

162 ATP

140 ATP

What is the importance of β-oxidation in starvation?

It is a source of fiber

It is a source of energy (correct)

It is a source of protein

It is a source of carbohydrates

What is formed from acetyl CoA?

Fatty acids and glycerol

Cholesterol and acetyl choline (correct)

Glucose and amino acids

Vitamin D and calcium

What happens to β-oxidation when energy increases in cells?

It is inhibited Signup and view all the answers

What is the last step in the oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms?

Conversion to succinyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the carboxylation reaction of propionyl CoA?

D-isomer Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate product of the citric acid cycle?

Acetyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the carnitine transporter system in fatty acid metabolism?

To transport fatty acids into the mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is involved in the activation of acetoacetate with ATP in the presence of CoA in the minor pathway?

Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the dehydrogenation reaction in step II?

FADH2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction catalyzed by thiolase?

Acetyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate in the citric acid cycle?

GTP Signup and view all the answers

What is the coenzyme required for the dehydrogenation reaction in step II?

FAD Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the β-oxidation reaction?

Mitochondrial inner membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP yield from the complete oxidation of one molecule of acetoacetate?

23 mol of ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal level of ketone bodies in blood?

0.3-2 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP yield from the oxidation of one fatty acid molecule?

12 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the increased levels of ketone bodies in blood and urine?

Ketosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the β-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase enzyme?

To catalyze the dehydrogenation reaction Signup and view all the answers

How many fatty acyl CoA dehydrogenases are involved in different stages of β-oxidation?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of metabolic acidosis caused by ketosis?

Ketoacidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal urinary excretion of ketone bodies?

Less than 1 mg/24 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the common precursor for both glucocerebroside and galactocerebroside?

Ceramide and uridine diphosphate (UDP) sugars Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for breaking down glucocerebroside in healthy individuals?

β-glucocerebrosidase Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the infantile form of Gaucher's disease?

Mental retardation and spasticity Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of lipids in white matter accounted for by galactocerebroside sulfate?

15% Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a genetic deficiency of Arylsulfatase A?

Accumulation of galactocerebroside sulfate in tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition resulting from the accumulation of galactocerebroside sulfate in tissues?

Metachromatic Leukodystrophy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Tay-Sachs disease?

A deficiency of lysosomal hexosaminidase A Signup and view all the answers

What is the inheritance pattern of Tay-Sachs disease?

Autosomal recessive Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sphingolipids in the ABO blood group system?

They provide antigenic determinants on the surface of cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between secretors and non-secretors in the ABO blood group system?

The ability or inability to produce glycoprotein forms of the ABO antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in infants?

An insufficient amount of pulmonary surfactant Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of GM1 gangliosidosis?

An accumulation of GM1 gangliosides, glycoproteins, and keratan sulfate Signup and view all the answers

What is the common symptom of Tay-Sachs disease and GM1 gangliosidosis?

Mental retardation Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the ABO blood group system in forensic science?

It is used to distinguish between secretors and non-secretors Signup and view all the answers