Podcast
Questions and Answers
What class of medication is Dramamine?
What class of medication is Dramamine?
- Antihistamine
- Antiemetic
- Antivertigo agent
- All of the above (correct)
What are the major side effects of Hydroxyzine?
What are the major side effects of Hydroxyzine?
Drowsiness, dizziness, involuntary motor activity, dry mouth, respiratory depression
Dramamine is used for prevention and relief of ________ associated with motion sickness.
Dramamine is used for prevention and relief of ________ associated with motion sickness.
nausea and vomiting
Phenergan has a strong dopamine receptor antagonism.
Phenergan has a strong dopamine receptor antagonism.
What indication is Scopolamine used for?
What indication is Scopolamine used for?
What should be avoided when using Scopolamine?
What should be avoided when using Scopolamine?
Match the following medications with their classes:
Match the following medications with their classes:
Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with Prochlorperazine are at increased risk for death.
Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with Prochlorperazine are at increased risk for death.
The prototype for Hydroxyzine is _________.
The prototype for Hydroxyzine is _________.
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Study Notes
Dramamine
- Class: Antihistamine (H1-receptor antagonist), antiemetic, and antivertigo agent.
- Major side effects: Drowsiness, constipation, blurred vision, dry mouth/nose/throat, urinary issues.
- Rare side effects: Blood dyscrasias with prolonged use, fixed drug eruption.
- Caution: Small amounts excreted in breast milk; contraindicated for breastfeeding mothers.
- Indications: Used for nausea and vomiting prevention associated with motion sickness, vertigo, electroshock therapy, anesthesia, labyrinthitis, and radiation sickness.
Hydroxyzine
- Class: Antihistamine, piperazine derivative.
- Mechanism: Competes with histamine at H1-receptor sites; sedative effects result from brain region suppression.
- Major side effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, respiratory depression, pain at IM injection site.
- Critical information: Risk of CNS depression; epinephrine may counteract its effects; contraindicated in early pregnancy and for breastfeeding.
- Indications: Suppresses activity in essential subcortical areas of the CNS.
Phenergan
- Class: Antiemetic and antivertigo agent.
- Mechanism: Weak dopamine receptor antagonist that also blocks H1 receptors; provides anti-emetic and sedative effects.
- Major side effects: Dizziness, anxiety, blurred vision, weight gain, respiratory depression, severe nervous reaction.
- Critical information: IV administration risks severe tissue injury; immediate discontinuation required if pain occurs during injection; respiratory fatalities noted in children.
- Indications: Prevents and treats nausea/vomiting, allergy symptoms like rashes, itching, and runny nose.
Scopolamine
- Class: Antiemetic agents.
- Mechanism: Muscarinic receptor antagonist reducing responses to cholinergic nerve stimulation.
- Major side effects: Anxiety, blurred vision, changes in consciousness, altered urination patterns.
- Critical information: Contraindicated in narrow-angle glaucoma and during pregnancy; avoid activities like driving until effects are known.
- Indications: Address postoperative nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia recovery.
Prochlorperazine Maleate
- Class: Antiemetics, dopamine antagonists, psychotherapeutic.
- Mechanism: Blocks D2 dopamine receptors in the brain; also affects histaminergic, cholinergic, and noradrenergic receptors.
- Major side effects: Pseudoparkinsonism, motor restlessness, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia.
- Critical information: Increased mortality risk for elderly dementia-related psychosis patients treated with antipsychotics; risk of potentially irreversible tardive dyskinesia.
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