FASD and Cognitive Deficits Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a significant role of executive functions in FASD?

  • Self-regulating behavior, cognition, and emotion (correct)
  • Enhancing motor function capabilities
  • Facilitating social interactions
  • Improving verbal learning skills

Which brain region is particularly vulnerable to the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure related to executive function?

  • Hippocampus
  • Amygdala
  • Cerebellum
  • Prefrontal cortex (correct)

What type of tests has been primarily used to assess executive function in children with FASD?

  • Performance-based tests (correct)
  • Standardized intelligence tests
  • Projective tests
  • Self-report questionnaires

What is a benefit of using parental rating scales in assessing executive function in children with FASD?

<p>They offer insights into cognitive abilities in real-world settings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of executive function showed the largest effect size in children with FASD compared to typically developing children?

<p>Set shifting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive deficit is NOT typically associated with FASD?

<p>Enhanced visuospatial skills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What intervention strategy is most commonly suggested for individuals with FASD to support executive function?

<p>Enhanced educational support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of deficits have recent meta-analyses focused on regarding children with FASD?

<p>Executive function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily contributed to the varied executive function assessment results in children with FASD?

<p>Presence of ADHD (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the studies listed, what is the common characteristic of children diagnosed with alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)?

<p>Exhibit similar executive function challenges as FASD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parental reporting tool is most useful in assessing the neurobehavioral impacts of fetal alcohol exposure?

<p>Behavioral Regulation Index (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subtype of FASD was noted to have the highest prevalence in the studies reviewed?

<p>Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What intervention strategy is most effective in improving executive function in children with FASD?

<p>Behavioral therapy and supportive education (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does working memory play in the performance of children diagnosed with FASD?

<p>It is the primary deficit noted in most assessments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive area is reported to be most affected in children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)?

<p>Emotional regulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finding is most commonly associated with prenatal alcohol exposure in children without an ADHD diagnosis?

<p>Increased challenges with general executive function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been observed in children with FASD according to parental reports?

<p>There is considerable executive dysfunction noted. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is part of the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)?

<p>Alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general prevalence rate of FASD in the United States?

<p>2–5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a reported risk factor associated with higher rates of FASD in Aboriginal communities?

<p>Poor education and poverty. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment type may underestimate the executive dysfunction in children with FASD?

<p>Standardized laboratory-based tests. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which FASD condition is defined by the presence of central nervous system abnormality?

<p>Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What misconception might people have about the prevalence of FASD among Aboriginal Canadians?

<p>Methodological issues in studies might affect conclusions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy could potentially help address executive dysfunction in children with FASD?

<p>Enhanced parental involvement and support in daily tasks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

FASD

A group of conditions caused by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE).

FASD Cognitive Deficits

Problems with learning, thinking, and behavior in people with FASD.

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (PAE)

Alcohol exposure to a developing baby during pregnancy.

Executive Function

The ability to control thoughts, actions, and emotions.

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Prefrontal Cortex

Brain area for executive function.

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Working Memory

Remembering and using information for a short time.

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Inhibition

Stopping unwanted thoughts or actions.

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Set Shifting

Changing strategies or tasks easily.

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Performance-based tests

Tests measuring cognitive skills through actions.

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Prevalence of FASD (US/Europe)

FASD rate in the general population of US and Western Europe (around 2-5%).

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Prevalence of FASD (Canada)

FASD rate in the general population of Canada ranging from 0.1%-0.9%.

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Aboriginal Communities & FASD Prevalence

Significantly elevated FASD rates in aboriginal Canadian populations (10-19%).

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Risk Factors (FASD)

Factors associated with increased likelihood of FASD, including poverty, lack of education, abuse, and untreated mental health issues.

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

A condition caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy, leading to facial abnormalities, growth problems, and cognitive impairments.

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Partial FAS (PFAS)

One or more characteristics of FAS but not all.

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Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND)

Problems with brain development from alcohol exposure, leading to learning and behavior issues.

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Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBD)

Physical problems caused by alcohol during pregnancy, like heart issues or limb abnormalities.

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Rating Scales

Questionnaires to assess executive function in children.

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Study Notes

FASD and Cognitive Deficits

  • Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a broad term for conditions associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), including Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), Partial FAS (PFAS), Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND), and Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBD)
  • FASD is linked to various cognitive deficits, impacting intellectual ability, executive function, attention, language, visuospatial skills, verbal and visual learning and memory, motor function, and social cognition
  • These deficits are prevalent regardless of whether individuals meet the complete diagnostic criteria for FAS
  • Executive function, crucial for self-regulation of behavior, cognition, and emotion, is a significant area of research within FASD

Executive Function in FASD

  • The prefrontal cortex, a key brain region for executive function, is susceptible to the effects of PAE, as seen in animal models and neuroimaging studies of children with FASD
  • Research using performance-based tests has revealed executive function deficits in children with FASD, particularly in areas like working memory, inhibition, and set shifting
  • Meta-analyses comparing children with FASD and typically-developing (TD) children show consistent evidence for executive dysfunction, with moderate to large effect sizes for various executive function aspects
  • Rating scales completed by parents and teachers provide insights into real-world manifestations of executive function in children with FASD, offering a more ecological assessment

Prevalence of FASD

  • FASD prevalence rates are estimated to be as high as 2-5% in the general population of the United States and Western Europe
  • In Canada, prevalence rates range from 0.1% to 0.9% in the general population, but significantly higher in children under child welfare system care (ranging from 0.1% to 0.9% in Canada)
  • FASD prevalence is reported to be higher in Aboriginal communities compared to non-Aboriginal communities, with rates reaching 10-19% in Canadian samples
  • This disparity is attributed to various risk factors like poverty, poor education, physical and sexual abuse, and untreated mental illness, which are more common in Aboriginal communities

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Related Documents

2017 Parent Rating of Executive Function in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder PDF

Description

This quiz explores the impact of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) on cognitive functions. It covers various conditions linked to prenatal alcohol exposure and highlights critical areas, such as executive function and its significance in self-regulation. Understand the cognitive deficits and their implications for affected individuals.

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