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Questions and Answers
What is a significant role of executive functions in FASD?
What is a significant role of executive functions in FASD?
Which brain region is particularly vulnerable to the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure related to executive function?
Which brain region is particularly vulnerable to the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure related to executive function?
What type of tests has been primarily used to assess executive function in children with FASD?
What type of tests has been primarily used to assess executive function in children with FASD?
What is a benefit of using parental rating scales in assessing executive function in children with FASD?
What is a benefit of using parental rating scales in assessing executive function in children with FASD?
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What aspect of executive function showed the largest effect size in children with FASD compared to typically developing children?
What aspect of executive function showed the largest effect size in children with FASD compared to typically developing children?
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Which cognitive deficit is NOT typically associated with FASD?
Which cognitive deficit is NOT typically associated with FASD?
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What intervention strategy is most commonly suggested for individuals with FASD to support executive function?
What intervention strategy is most commonly suggested for individuals with FASD to support executive function?
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What kind of deficits have recent meta-analyses focused on regarding children with FASD?
What kind of deficits have recent meta-analyses focused on regarding children with FASD?
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Which factor primarily contributed to the varied executive function assessment results in children with FASD?
Which factor primarily contributed to the varied executive function assessment results in children with FASD?
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In the studies listed, what is the common characteristic of children diagnosed with alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)?
In the studies listed, what is the common characteristic of children diagnosed with alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)?
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Which parental reporting tool is most useful in assessing the neurobehavioral impacts of fetal alcohol exposure?
Which parental reporting tool is most useful in assessing the neurobehavioral impacts of fetal alcohol exposure?
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Which subtype of FASD was noted to have the highest prevalence in the studies reviewed?
Which subtype of FASD was noted to have the highest prevalence in the studies reviewed?
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What intervention strategy is most effective in improving executive function in children with FASD?
What intervention strategy is most effective in improving executive function in children with FASD?
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What role does working memory play in the performance of children diagnosed with FASD?
What role does working memory play in the performance of children diagnosed with FASD?
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Which cognitive area is reported to be most affected in children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)?
Which cognitive area is reported to be most affected in children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)?
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Which finding is most commonly associated with prenatal alcohol exposure in children without an ADHD diagnosis?
Which finding is most commonly associated with prenatal alcohol exposure in children without an ADHD diagnosis?
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What has been observed in children with FASD according to parental reports?
What has been observed in children with FASD according to parental reports?
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Which of the following conditions is part of the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)?
Which of the following conditions is part of the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)?
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What is the general prevalence rate of FASD in the United States?
What is the general prevalence rate of FASD in the United States?
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What is a reported risk factor associated with higher rates of FASD in Aboriginal communities?
What is a reported risk factor associated with higher rates of FASD in Aboriginal communities?
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Which assessment type may underestimate the executive dysfunction in children with FASD?
Which assessment type may underestimate the executive dysfunction in children with FASD?
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Which FASD condition is defined by the presence of central nervous system abnormality?
Which FASD condition is defined by the presence of central nervous system abnormality?
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What misconception might people have about the prevalence of FASD among Aboriginal Canadians?
What misconception might people have about the prevalence of FASD among Aboriginal Canadians?
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Which strategy could potentially help address executive dysfunction in children with FASD?
Which strategy could potentially help address executive dysfunction in children with FASD?
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Study Notes
FASD and Cognitive Deficits
- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a broad term for conditions associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), including Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), Partial FAS (PFAS), Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND), and Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBD)
- FASD is linked to various cognitive deficits, impacting intellectual ability, executive function, attention, language, visuospatial skills, verbal and visual learning and memory, motor function, and social cognition
- These deficits are prevalent regardless of whether individuals meet the complete diagnostic criteria for FAS
- Executive function, crucial for self-regulation of behavior, cognition, and emotion, is a significant area of research within FASD
Executive Function in FASD
- The prefrontal cortex, a key brain region for executive function, is susceptible to the effects of PAE, as seen in animal models and neuroimaging studies of children with FASD
- Research using performance-based tests has revealed executive function deficits in children with FASD, particularly in areas like working memory, inhibition, and set shifting
- Meta-analyses comparing children with FASD and typically-developing (TD) children show consistent evidence for executive dysfunction, with moderate to large effect sizes for various executive function aspects
- Rating scales completed by parents and teachers provide insights into real-world manifestations of executive function in children with FASD, offering a more ecological assessment
Prevalence of FASD
- FASD prevalence rates are estimated to be as high as 2-5% in the general population of the United States and Western Europe
- In Canada, prevalence rates range from 0.1% to 0.9% in the general population, but significantly higher in children under child welfare system care (ranging from 0.1% to 0.9% in Canada)
- FASD prevalence is reported to be higher in Aboriginal communities compared to non-Aboriginal communities, with rates reaching 10-19% in Canadian samples
- This disparity is attributed to various risk factors like poverty, poor education, physical and sexual abuse, and untreated mental illness, which are more common in Aboriginal communities
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Description
This quiz explores the impact of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) on cognitive functions. It covers various conditions linked to prenatal alcohol exposure and highlights critical areas, such as executive function and its significance in self-regulation. Understand the cognitive deficits and their implications for affected individuals.
