Fascism and Economic Crisis

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Questions and Answers

What event led to the economic crisis that affected many countries?

The stock market crash in New York (correct)

The rise of communism

The outbreak of World War II

The fall of the Berlin Wall

Which class of people supported fascist parties during the economic crisis?

The aristocracy

The working class and peasants

The middle and upper class bourgeoisie (correct)

The intellectuals

What was a characteristic of fascist ideology?

Opposition to communism and democracy (correct)

Pacifism

Opposition to the State

Support for democracy

What was the name of Mussolini's party?

Fascist Party Signup and view all the answers

What event marked Mussolini's rise to power?

A march on Rome Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of Hitler's book?

Mein Kampf Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of Nazi ideology?

Racism and anti-Semitism Signup and view all the answers

What was the theory that justified Nazi aggression?

The theory of the space vital Signup and view all the answers

What did Hitler do once he was in power?

Suppressed the rest of the political parties and declared himself Führer Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a State?

A unit of political and administrative organization that governs a territory and its inhabitants Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the 1917 revolution in Russia?

The rise of the communist party to power Signup and view all the answers

What are the elements of a State?

Territory, citizens, government, and other institutions Signup and view all the answers

What was the economy of the USSR like under Stalin?

Planned economy with state control of production Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main functions of a State?

To regulate the economy and work Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the UN in conflict resolution?

To promote peaceful resolution of conflicts Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a conflict being internationalized?

When a conflict spreads to other territories or countries Signup and view all the answers

What is a failed State?

A State that is unable to perform its functions normally Signup and view all the answers

Which regions are typically considered the most conflict-prone?

Africa and South Asia Signup and view all the answers

What was the main cause of the decolonization process?

The weakness of the metropolises after World War II Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of conflicts are of the internal type?

82% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following countries did not support the decolonization process?

European countries Signup and view all the answers

What is terrorism, in the context of conflicts?

A form of conflict where groups use violence to create fear Signup and view all the answers

In which year did the decolonization process begin?

1945 Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many States are considered failed?

40 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a democracy?

The power is held by the citizens who elect their representatives Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the legislative power in a democratic government?

To make laws in the parliament Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a decentralized state?

The regions have some autonomy and power Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a dictatorship?

A person or group holds all the power Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a state with a separation of powers?

The government is divided into three branches Signup and view all the answers

What is a state where the government and religion are mixed?

Theocratic state Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a republican state?

The power is held by a person elected by the people Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a monarchical state?

A monarch holds the power and it is hereditary Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organization of Territory into States

A state is a political and administrative unit that governs a territory and its inhabitants.
Key elements of a state include territory, citizens, government, and institutions like the military.
Functions of a state include regulating the economy and work, guaranteeing national security, providing basic services, and establishing international relations.
Failed states are those that cannot perform their functions normally due to reasons like terrorism, violence, or delinquency, leading to a significant portion of their population emigrating.
Approximately 40 states worldwide are considered failed states, such as Somalia, Afghanistan, and Yemen.

The Genesis of Modern States: Decolonization

The decolonization process was a result of the weakness of metropolitan powers after World War II.
Other factors contributing to decolonization include the recruitment of indigenous soldiers who gained military training, nationalist movements led by local elites, and support from the UN, the US, and the USSR.
The decolonization process occurred in three phases: 1945-1959 (Asian and some African countries), 1960-1970 (most African countries, the last Arab countries, and some Asian countries), and 1971-present (the last African colonies and some territories like Macao and East Timor).

Political Systems

Democracy is a form of government where power rests with citizens, who elect their representatives.
In democratic countries, there is a separation of powers: legislative, executive, and judicial.
Types of states include:
- Monarchy: a king or queen with hereditary power.
- Republic: a president or elected representative holds power.
- Decentralized state: regions have some power.
- Centralized state: institutions are controlled by the central government.

Living in a Dictatorship

In a dictatorship, one person or group controls all power, often through violent means.
Dictatorships can be monarchical or republican, and often lack freedom, disregard human rights, and use repression.
Some countries have hybrid systems, combining democratic and dictatorial elements.

Democracy and Dictatorship in Recent European History

The 1929 stock market crash led to widespread unemployment, poverty, and political changes.
The economic crisis led to the rise of communist and fascist parties.
Fascist Italy under Mussolini was characterized by opposition to democracy and communism, a party-based government, control of the media and economy, and exaltation of national and military values.
Nazi Germany under Hitler was characterized by racism, anti-Semitism, and a theory of "living space" that led to the conquest of other territories.

Conflict and Human Rights

Conflicts can arise within or between states due to reasons like resource control, territorial disputes, or ethnic differences.
The UN often intervenes to prevent or resolve conflicts peacefully.
The most conflict-prone regions are Africa and South Asia.
Terrorist groups use violence to create fear and achieve their objectives, often internationalizing internal conflicts.

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Description

This quiz covers the rise of fascism in the context of economic crisis, particularly after the Wall Street crash of 1929. It explores the response of different social classes to fascist ideologies and their opposition to democracy and communism.