Fascioliasis Overview and Impact
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following parasites is NOT a known cause of fascioliasis in humans?

  • Fasciolopsis buski
  • Fasciola hepatica
  • Fasciola gigantica
  • Clonorchis sinensis (correct)
  • What is the primary habitat of Fasciola hepatica in its definitive hosts?

  • Intestinal tract
  • Liver parenchyma
  • Bile ducts (correct)
  • Circulatory system
  • What is the size of an ovum produced by Fasciola species?

  • 120 x 60 µ
  • 150 x 80 µ (correct)
  • 100 x 50 µ
  • 180 x 100 µ
  • In the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica, what role does the snail Lymnaea cailliaudi play?

    <p>Intermediate host (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can encysted metacercariae remain viable in their environment?

    <p>6 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first developmental stage of Fasciola observed after the ovum matures in water?

    <p>Miracidium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the oral and ventral suckers of the adult Fasciola is accurate?

    <p>The adult is leaf-like with distinct suckers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mode of human infection with Fasciola?

    <p>Eating metacercariae-contaminated vegetables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definitive host for Fascioliasis?

    <p>Herbivorous animals and humans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage is considered the infective stage in the life cycle of Fasciola spp.?

    <p>Encysted metacercaria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical feature is NOT associated with the acute phase of Fascioliasis?

    <p>Liver rot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Halzoun syndrome?

    <p>Pharyngeal fascioliasis leading to pharyngitis and laryngeal edema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Fascioliasis primarily diagnosed?

    <p>Microscopic identification of eggs in stool (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided to help prevent Halzoun syndrome?

    <p>Eating raw liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which host serves as the intermediate host for Fasciola spp.?

    <p>Snail Lymnaea cailliaudi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mode of infection for Fascioliasis?

    <p>Ingestion of encysted metacercaria in contaminated water or plants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Fascioliasis

    A parasitic disease caused by Fasciola species, infecting humans accidentally.

    Fasciola species

    The genus of parasitic flatworms that cause fascioliasis in humans and herbivores.

    Intermediate host

    An organism that harbors the larval stage of a parasite.

    Metacercaria

    The infective larval stage of Fasciola, found encysted on vegetation or in water.

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    Definitive host

    The organism that harbors the adult parasitic stage.

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    Life Cycle (Fascioliasis)

    The series of stages from egg to adult parasite, involving an intermediate host (snail) and a definitive host (human or animal).

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    Mode of Infection

    Humans get infected by consuming vegetation or water containing infective metacercariae.

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    Geographic Distribution of Fascioliasis

    Found worldwide in areas where sheep and cattle are raised, including Europe, the Middle East, and Asia.

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    What is the infective stage of Fasciola?

    The infective stage of Fasciola is the encysted metacercaria. This stage is found on vegetation or in water and is the form that humans ingest to become infected.

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    What is the diagnostic stage of Fasciola infection?

    The diagnostic stage of Fasciola infection is the eggs in stool. These eggs can be identified microscopically during a stool examination.

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    What is the main mode of infection for Fascioliasis?

    The main mode of infection for Fascioliasis is through the ingestion of encysted metacercariae, usually in contaminated water or on raw vegetables.

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    What are the symptoms of the acute phase of Fascioliasis?

    The acute phase of Fasciola infection is characterized by abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and eosinophilia. These symptoms occur as the immature fluke migrates through the liver.

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    What are the symptoms of the chronic phase of Fascioliasis?

    The chronic phase of Fascioliasis is characterized by biliary obstruction, inflammation, and liver rot. These symptoms arise from the adult fluke residing in the bile ducts.

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    What is Halzoun syndrome?

    Halzoun syndrome is a rare form of Fascioliasis caused by adult Fasciola adhering to the posterior pharyngeal wall. It is characterized by pharyngitis and laryngeal oedema and occurs when eating raw, infected liver.

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    What are some control strategies for Fascioliasis?

    Control strategies for Fascioliasis include treating infected animals, controlling snail populations, avoiding consumption of raw vegetables without washing, and avoiding drinking contaminated water. Additionally, eating raw liver should be avoided to prevent Halzoun syndrome.

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    Study Notes

    Fascioliasis

    • Fascioliasis is a parasitic disease caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica.
    • These parasites infect herbivores but can accidentally infect humans.
    • The parasites are Platyhelminthes (flatworms), specifically Trematoda (flukes).
    • Three species infect humans: Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica, and Fasciolopsis buski (lives in the small intestine).

    Morphology of the Adult

    • Adult flukes are leaf-shaped.
    • The fluke has an oral sucker and a larger ventral sucker.
    • The male reproductive system begins with two branched testes in the middle of the body.
    • The female reproductive system includes a branched (lobed) ovary.

    Life Cycle

    • The parasite lives in the bile ducts of humans and herbivores (definitive hosts).
    • Eggs pass with bile to the intestine and are expelled in feces.
    • In water, the egg develops into a miracidium (a free-swimming stage).
    • The miracidium infects a snail (intermediate host) Lymnaea cailliaudi or L. truncatula.
    • Inside the snail, the parasite develops through sporocyst, rediae, and cercariae stages.
    • Cercariae leave the snail and settle on vegetation.
    • Encysting forms metacercariae, an infective stage.
    • Humans become infected by consuming food contaminated with encysted metacercariae.
    • The cyst dissolves in the intestine, and the young worm migrates to the liver via the peritoneal cavity and reaches the bile ducts.

    Mode of Infection

    • Humans become infected by ingesting freshwater plants or water contaminated with metacercariae.
    • A subtype called Pharyngeal fascioliasis occurs by eating raw infected liver.

    Important Points

    • Definitive host: herbivorous animals and humans.
    • Infection site: bile ducts
    • Intermediate host: Lymnaea cailliaudi.
    • Infective stage: encysted metacercaria.
    • Diagnostic stage: eggs in stool.
    • Mode of infection: ingestion of encysted metacercaria.
    • Infection route: oral

    Clinical Features

    • Acute phase (fluke migration through the liver): abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, eosinophilia.
    • Chronic phase (adult fluke within the bile ducts): biliary obstruction, inflammation, liver rot.

    Laboratory Diagnosis

    • Microscopic identification of eggs in stool.
    • Eggs can be detected in stool or in material obtained by duodenal or biliary drainage.

    Control & Prevention

    • Treat infected animals.
    • Control snail populations.
    • Avoid eating raw vegetables before washing them.
    • Avoid drinking contaminated water.
    • Avoid eating raw liver.

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    Related Documents

    Lecture 8 - Fascioliasis PDF

    Description

    Explore the parasitic disease Fascioliasis caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. This quiz covers its geographic distribution, morphology, and impact on humans and herbivores. Test your knowledge and learn about this significant health concern.

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