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Questions and Answers
Which of the following parasites is NOT a known cause of fascioliasis in humans?
Which of the following parasites is NOT a known cause of fascioliasis in humans?
What is the primary habitat of Fasciola hepatica in its definitive hosts?
What is the primary habitat of Fasciola hepatica in its definitive hosts?
What is the size of an ovum produced by Fasciola species?
What is the size of an ovum produced by Fasciola species?
In the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica, what role does the snail Lymnaea cailliaudi play?
In the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica, what role does the snail Lymnaea cailliaudi play?
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How long can encysted metacercariae remain viable in their environment?
How long can encysted metacercariae remain viable in their environment?
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What is the first developmental stage of Fasciola observed after the ovum matures in water?
What is the first developmental stage of Fasciola observed after the ovum matures in water?
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Which of the following statements about the oral and ventral suckers of the adult Fasciola is accurate?
Which of the following statements about the oral and ventral suckers of the adult Fasciola is accurate?
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What is a common mode of human infection with Fasciola?
What is a common mode of human infection with Fasciola?
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What is the definitive host for Fascioliasis?
What is the definitive host for Fascioliasis?
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Which stage is considered the infective stage in the life cycle of Fasciola spp.?
Which stage is considered the infective stage in the life cycle of Fasciola spp.?
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What clinical feature is NOT associated with the acute phase of Fascioliasis?
What clinical feature is NOT associated with the acute phase of Fascioliasis?
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Which of the following describes Halzoun syndrome?
Which of the following describes Halzoun syndrome?
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How is Fascioliasis primarily diagnosed?
How is Fascioliasis primarily diagnosed?
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What should be avoided to help prevent Halzoun syndrome?
What should be avoided to help prevent Halzoun syndrome?
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Which host serves as the intermediate host for Fasciola spp.?
Which host serves as the intermediate host for Fasciola spp.?
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What is a common mode of infection for Fascioliasis?
What is a common mode of infection for Fascioliasis?
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Study Notes
Fascioliasis
- Fascioliasis is a parasitic disease caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica.
- These parasites infect herbivores but can accidentally infect humans.
- The parasites are Platyhelminthes (flatworms), specifically Trematoda (flukes).
- Three species infect humans: Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica, and Fasciolopsis buski (lives in the small intestine).
Morphology of the Adult
- Adult flukes are leaf-shaped.
- The fluke has an oral sucker and a larger ventral sucker.
- The male reproductive system begins with two branched testes in the middle of the body.
- The female reproductive system includes a branched (lobed) ovary.
Life Cycle
- The parasite lives in the bile ducts of humans and herbivores (definitive hosts).
- Eggs pass with bile to the intestine and are expelled in feces.
- In water, the egg develops into a miracidium (a free-swimming stage).
- The miracidium infects a snail (intermediate host) Lymnaea cailliaudi or L. truncatula.
- Inside the snail, the parasite develops through sporocyst, rediae, and cercariae stages.
- Cercariae leave the snail and settle on vegetation.
- Encysting forms metacercariae, an infective stage.
- Humans become infected by consuming food contaminated with encysted metacercariae.
- The cyst dissolves in the intestine, and the young worm migrates to the liver via the peritoneal cavity and reaches the bile ducts.
Mode of Infection
- Humans become infected by ingesting freshwater plants or water contaminated with metacercariae.
- A subtype called Pharyngeal fascioliasis occurs by eating raw infected liver.
Important Points
- Definitive host: herbivorous animals and humans.
- Infection site: bile ducts
- Intermediate host: Lymnaea cailliaudi.
- Infective stage: encysted metacercaria.
- Diagnostic stage: eggs in stool.
- Mode of infection: ingestion of encysted metacercaria.
- Infection route: oral
Clinical Features
- Acute phase (fluke migration through the liver): abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, eosinophilia.
- Chronic phase (adult fluke within the bile ducts): biliary obstruction, inflammation, liver rot.
Laboratory Diagnosis
- Microscopic identification of eggs in stool.
- Eggs can be detected in stool or in material obtained by duodenal or biliary drainage.
Control & Prevention
- Treat infected animals.
- Control snail populations.
- Avoid eating raw vegetables before washing them.
- Avoid drinking contaminated water.
- Avoid eating raw liver.
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Description
Explore the parasitic disease Fascioliasis caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. This quiz covers its geographic distribution, morphology, and impact on humans and herbivores. Test your knowledge and learn about this significant health concern.
