MUSCLE
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Questions and Answers

Thin layer of connective tissue that stabilizes and surrounds muscle layers and organs

  • FAcia (correct)
  • ligaments
  • tendons
  • skin

    • The facia is Made up of connective fibrous tissue (like tendons and ligaments)

    True

    what are the three types of basic muscle found in body?

    cardiac, smooth, skeletal

    Which of the following is a characteristic of multi-unit smooth muscle?

    <p>It allows for independent contraction of individual muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of visceral smooth muscle?

    <p>To regulate the diameter of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is multi-unit smooth muscle typically found in the human body?

    <p>In the cilia of the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the tunica muscularis externa in the body?

    <p>To compose the outermost layer of smooth muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the contraction of smooth muscle differ from skeletal muscle?

    <p>Smooth muscle contracts slowly and continuously over extended periods, while skeletal muscle contracts rapidly and forcefully</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic appearance of smooth muscle under a microscope?

    <p>Spindle-shaped cells with darkly staining cytoplasm and a lighter-colored nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do smooth muscle cells contract?

    <p>By sliding of actin filaments along myosin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes skeletal muscle fibers from smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Skeletal muscle fibers do not contain striations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of cardiac muscle differentiates it from skeletal muscle?

    <p>Presence of intercalated discs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In smooth muscles, what gives them a firm texture?

    <p>Collagen and reticulin fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the appearance of smooth muscle cells under a microscope?

    <p>They have a uniform, non-striated appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nuclei are typically found in a smooth muscle cell?

    <p>Smooth muscle cells are uni-nucleate, containing a single nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the contraction process in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Calcium ions entering the cytoplasm through voltage-gated channels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best compares smooth muscle cells to skeletal muscle cells?

    <p>Smooth muscle cells are non-striated and non-innervated, unlike skeletal muscle cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the contraction mechanism of smooth muscle cells differ from skeletal muscle cells?

    <p>Smooth muscle cells contract in a continuous, controlled manner, while skeletal muscle cells have rapid, short-lived contractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical number of nuclei found in a smooth muscle cell?

    <p>A single nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of smooth muscle cells under a microscope?

    <p>Spindle-shaped and homogenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do smooth muscle cells contract compared to skeletal muscle cells?

    <p>Smooth muscle cells contract to a greater extent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of visceral smooth muscle?

    <p>To line the walls of hollow organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do smooth muscle contractions differ from skeletal muscle contractions?

    <p>Smooth muscle contractions are wave-like, while skeletal muscle contractions are more localized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth muscle cells have a single nucleus located in the center of the cell.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth muscle cells have a striated appearance under the microscope.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth muscle cells can shorten to a greater extent than skeletal or cardiac muscle cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Facia is flexible and strong

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth muscle cells are typically found in large sheets or discrete groups.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth muscle contractions are under conscious control.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth muscle cells have a striped appearance under the microscope.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth muscle cells typically have multiple nuclei located at the center of the cell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The contraction of smooth muscle cells is more forceful when the cells are stretched.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth muscle carry out the unconscious internal movements

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic appearance of smooth muscle cells under a microscope?

    <p>Spindle-shaped with a single, centrally located nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the contraction of smooth muscle cells differ from skeletal muscle cells?

    <p>Smooth muscle contractions are slower and more sustained compared to skeletal muscle contractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the contraction process in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Hormone stimulation and stretching of the muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the contraction mechanism of smooth muscle cells differ from skeletal muscle cells?

    <p>Smooth muscle cells contract more forcefully when stretched, while skeletal muscle cells do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the structure of smooth muscle cells from skeletal muscle cells?

    <p>Smooth muscle cells have a spindle-shaped morphology with a single, centrally located nucleus, while skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of peristalsis in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

    <p>To facilitate digestion and absorption by moving food through the tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of muscle fibers in the GI tract is responsible for narrowing the opening and pushing food forward?

    <p>Inner circular layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle lines the walls of the GI tract and other internal organs?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the involuntary contractions of the GI tract?

    <p>The parasympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the wave-like movements that propagate continuously throughout the GI tract, moving food from one section to another?

    <p>Peristaltic waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fasting, low amplitude, high frequency contractions dominate the upper GI tract, and the lower GI tract rests.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After a meal, a burst of propagated contractions appears, generating a strong, rapid peristaltic wave that reaches the small intestine within minutes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth muscle cells have a striped appearance under the microscope.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peristalsis is the term used to describe the wave-like movements that propagate continuously throughout the GI tract, moving food from one section to another.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth muscle contractions are under conscious control.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic appearance is seen in cardiac muscle fibers under a microscope?

    <p>Striped with alternating light and dark bands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the branching structure of cardiac muscle fibers?

    <p>To allow for synchronized contraction and relaxation of the muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cardiac muscle fibers surround the heart chambers?

    <p>They create a dense network of muscle cells around the chambers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nuclei are typically found in a cardiac muscle cell?

    <p>One nucleus per cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key feature that distinguishes cardiac muscle from skeletal muscle?

    <p>Cardiac muscle has a branching structure, while skeletal muscle does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intercalated discs are located between adjacent cardiomyocytes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The autonomic nervous system controls contractility and heart rate through parasympathetic input from the vagus nerve only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiac muscle tissue ensures the heart operates effectively as a filter.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The structure and function of cardiac muscle are primarily dictated by the digestive system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth muscle cells control heart rate through sympathetic activation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cardiac muscle is true?

    <p>It is capable of intrinsic contraction without external stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Sinoatrial node located?

    <p>In the heart and initiates the heart's contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic appearance of cardiac muscle under a microscope?

    <p>Striated, with a striped appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cardiac muscle cells form around the heart chambers?

    <p>They form a branched, interconnected network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nuclei are typically found in a cardiac muscle cell?

    <p>One nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Purkinje fibers in the heart?

    <p>To rapidly transmit electrical signals to the ventricular myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the heart is considered the natural pacemaker?

    <p>The sinoatrial (SA) node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic that distinguishes cardiac muscle from skeletal muscle?

    <p>Cardiac muscle contractions are inherently involuntary, ensuring continuous function without conscious effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the heart's conduction system?

    <p>To act as a relay station, receiving and integrating electrical signals from the atria and passing them onto the bundle of His</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanisms ensure the proper synchronization of atrial and ventricular contractions in the heart?

    <p>Electrical connections between cardiomyocytes, gap junctions, and the electrical propagation of action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiac muscle operates under voluntary control.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sinoatrial node is responsible for generating spontaneous electrical activity that travels to the ventricles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiac muscle cells have a striated appearance under the microscope.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The autonomic nervous system can only modulate the heart's rate through parasympathetic input from the vagus nerve.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rhythm of cardiac muscle contractions is controlled solely by the inherent autorhythmicity of the heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sinoatrial (SA) node is responsible for maintaining a steady pace for the heartbeats.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiac muscle cells, or myocardial tissue, contain thick myosin filaments and thin actin filaments that do not slide past each other during contraction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contraction synchronization in the heart is achieved through electrical coupling between adjacent cardiomyocytes via gap junctions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Purkinje fibers transmit the signal rapidly throughout the atria, ensuring synchronous and coordinated contraction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Involuntary contraction of cardiac muscle is regulated by the autonomic nervous system and voluntary control.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the point of origin for the biceps brachii muscle?

    <p>The long head originates from the supraglenoid tubercle, and the short head originates from the coracoid process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the point of insertion for the latissimus dorsi muscle?

    <p>The latissimus dorsi inserts onto the fifth costal cartilage, the thorax, and the iliac crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes flexion?

    <p>A movement that decreases the angle between two bones, creating a bend or bending around a joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the attachment site of a muscle on the stable (fixed) bone connected to the joint the muscle is acting upon?

    <p>Origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of extension?

    <p>Bending the knee joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flexion refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extension involves straightening the arm, decreasing the angle between the humerus and radius/ulna.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The biceps brachii muscle is primarily active during extension of the elbow.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The triceps brachii muscle is active during flexion of the wrist.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary direction of force generation for a muscle is determined by the line connecting the point of origin and insertion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the point of insertion for a muscle?

    <p>The site that undergoes most movement when the muscle contracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of flexion?

    <p>Bending a limb to decrease the angle between two body parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the definition of extension?

    <p>Bending a limb to increase the angle between two body parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the point of origin for a muscle?

    <p>The site of less movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement involves moving a body part away from the midline?

    <p>Abduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the point of insertion of a muscle?

    <p>To provide the site of most movement during muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following movements is associated with an increase in the angle between two body parts?

    <p>Extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the point of origin of a muscle?

    <p>It is the site of least movement during muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the movement of abduction differ from the movement of adduction?

    <p>Abduction increases the angle between two body parts, while adduction decreases the angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct definition of flexion?

    <p>A movement that decreases the angle between two body parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The point of insertion is the site that undergoes most movement when the muscle contracts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flexion is defined as bending a limb to increase the angle between two body parts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The biceps brachii muscle's point of origin is on the scapula.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Abduction refers to moving a body part toward the midline of the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The name of a muscle often describes its shape, location, or function.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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