Famous Sociologists Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Who is known for the concept of social laws?

  • Emile Durkheim
  • Robert Merton
  • Herbert Spencer
  • Auguste Comte (correct)

    • What is Herbert Spencer known for?

    Natural selection of society and Social Darwinism

    What were the key beliefs of Emile Durkheim?

    Mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity

    What concept did Talcott Parsons focus on?

    <p>How all aspects of society connect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons, and Robert Merton are examples of ______.

    <p>famous functionalists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Robert Merton's middle range theory focus on?

    <p>Individual parts of society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of concern is associated with Karl Marx?

    <p>Social class struggles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key belief is linked to Harriet Martineau?

    <p>Equality of women in society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of concern did W.E.B. Du Bois focus on?

    <p>Racial inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Jane Addams most concerned about?

    <p>Poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is John Bellamy Foster's area of concern?

    <p>Negative effects in capitalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a conflict theorist?

    <p>Emile Durkheim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of concern did George Herbert Mead focus on?

    <p>Symbols society uses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key belief is associated with Herbert Blumer?

    <p>Importance of interpreting symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Erving Goffman known for?

    <p>The interaction around symbols and people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Howard Becker study?

    <p>Labels and their impact on individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following theorist is associated with symbolic interactionism?

    <p>George Herbert Mead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of concern does Max Weber address?

    <p>Economic, political, and cultural conflict related to social position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Sociologists and Their Theories

    • Auguste Comte

      • Focused on social laws, proposing concepts of social statics (stability) and social dynamics (change).

    • Herbert Spencer

      • Advocated for the idea of "Social Darwinism," emphasizing natural selection within society.

    • Emile Durkheim

      • Investigated the role of solidarity, distinguishing between mechanical solidarity (common beliefs) and organic solidarity (diversity).

    • Talcott Parsons

      • Proposed that all societal aspects are interconnected, likening society to a bicycle wheel where changes come from central forces.

    • Robert Merton

      • Introduced middle-range theory, concentrating on individual societal components, and distinguished between manifest functions (intended actions) and latent functions (unintended outcomes).

    • Karl Marx

      • Analyzed social class struggles and introduced concepts such as false consciousness, socialism, and class consciousness.

    • Harriet Martineau

      • Focused on gender inequality and championed the equality of women in society.

    • W.E.B. Du Bois

      • Examined racial inequality, arguing that slavery and capitalism contribute to persistent inequalities.

    • Jane Addams

      • Addressed poverty through community work, advocating for a sociologist's genuine perspective in engagement with society.

    • John Bellamy Foster

      • Analyzed the negative impacts of capitalism, arguing that capitalist interests hinder societal progress unless beneficial to the capitalists.

    Sociological Perspectives

    • Functionalism

      • Key figures include Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons, and Robert Merton.

    • Conflict Theory

      • Key figures include Karl Marx, Harriet Martineau, W.E.B. Du Bois, Jane Addams, and John Bellamy Foster.

    • Symbolic Interactionism

      • Key figures include George Herbert Mead, Herbert Blumer, Ervin Goffman, and Howard Becker.

    Symbolism and Interaction

    • George Herbert Mead

      • Explored how societal symbols reveal cultural values, emphasizing interpretation through group perspectives.

    • Herbert Blumer

      • Focused on the meaning of symbols, asserting their significance in generational transmission and understanding.

    • Ervin Goffman

      • Investigated social interactions, emphasizing the concept of "dramaturgy," comparing life to a theatrical performance.

    • Howard Becker

      • Studied social labeling and its effects, highlighting how labels can dictate an individual's future based on societal definitions.

    Max Weber's Integrated Approach

    • Max Weber
      • Addressed economic, political, and cultural conflicts linked to social positions, asserting that sociology should strive for value-free analysis.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key sociologists and their contributions to the field. This quiz covers foundational figures like Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, and Talcott Parsons, exploring their major beliefs and areas of concern. Perfect for students of sociology or anyone interested in social theories.

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